O poder disciplinar e o coaching na Ginástica Artística Feminina
Uma análise Foucaultiana da relação treinador(a)-ginasta
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1982-8918.141118Palavras-chave:
Ginástica Artística Feminina;, Foucault, Coaching esportivo, Sociologia do esporteResumo
Embasado no referencial teórico de Foucault, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação treinador(a)-ginasta a partir da perspectiva de ambos, em um ginásio de Ginástica Artística Feminina (GAF). Os dados foram produzidos a partir da observação participante e da entrevista semiestruturada com 4 treinadores(as) e 15 ginastas. Por meio da Análise Temática Reflexiva, encontramos três temas: (1) Produtividade e controle, no qual demonstramos como os(as) treinadores(as) utilizam técnicas disciplinares no ginásio; (2) A “contraprodutividade” do poder disciplinar, no qual discutimos como as ações autoritárias dos(as) treinadores(as) poderiam prejudicar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem; (3) Onde há poder, há resistência? A perspectiva das ginastas, nas quais exploramos as reações delas frente às ações dos(as) treinadores(as). Em síntese, os três temas deste artigo indicam que se as técnicas disciplinares se justificam por produzirem resultados esportivos, às vezes elas são pedagogicamente “contraprodutivas” e, por isso, também deveriam ser repensadas pelos(as) treinadores(as).
Downloads
Referências
ARKAEV, Leonid; SUCHILIN, Nicolai. Gymnastics: how to create champions. Oxford: Meyer and Meyer Sport, 2004.
BARKER-RUCHTI, Natalie. Women’s artistic gymnastics: an (auto)ethnographic journey. Basel: Gesowip, 2011.
BARKER-RUCHTI, Natalie; TINNING, Richard. Foucault in leotards: Corporal discipline and coaching practice in women’s artistic gymnastics. Sociology of Sport Journal, v. 27, n. 3, p. 229-250, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.3.229
BARKER-RUCHTI, Natalie; VAREA, Valeria. Surviving child sexual abuse in women’s artistic gymnastics: “It’s beautiful, because had I stayed in the past, I wouldn’t have involved as a person”. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, v. 59, n. 5, p. 660-678, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10126902231218180
BARRON, David. Aimee Boorman redefines coaching relationship with Simone Biles. Houston Chronicle. 2016. Disponível em: https://www.houstonchronicle.com/olympics/article/Aimee-Boorman-redefines-coaching-relationship-8382626.php. Acesso em: 25 jan. 2021.
BAXTER, Pamela; JACK, Susan. Qualitative case-study methodology: study design and implementation for novice researchers. The Qualitative Report, v. 13, n. 4, p. 544-559, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2008.1573
BRAUN, Victoria; CLARKE, Victoria. One size fits all? What counts as quality practice in (reflexive) thematic analysis? Qualitative Research in Psychology, v. 18, n. 3, p. 328-352, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2020.1769238
BRAUN, Victoria; CLARKE, Victoria. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, v. 11, n. 4, p. 589–597, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2019.1628806
BRAUN, Victoria; CLARKE, Victoria. Successful qualitative research: a practical guide for beginners. London: Sage, 2013.
BRAUN, Victoria; CLARKE, Victoria. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, v. 3, n. 2, p. 77–101, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
BRAUN, Victoria; CLARKE, Victoria; WEATE, Paul. Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise research. In: SMITH, Brett; SPARKES, Andrew C. (ed). Routledge handbook of qualitative research in sport and exercise. London: Rotledge, 2016. p. 191-205.
BRIDEL, Willian; RAIL, Genevieve. Sport, sexuality, and the production of (resistance) bodies: de-/re-constructing the meanings of gays marathon corporeality. Sociology of Sport, v. 24, n. 2, p. 127-144, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.24.2.127
CARLESS, David; DOUGLAS, Kitrina. Living, resisting, and playing the part of athlete: narrative tensions in elite sport. Psychology of Sport & Exercise, v. 14, n. 5, p. 701–708, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2013.05.003
CASSIDY, Tania; JONES, Robin; POTRAC, Paul. Understanding sports coaching: the social, cultural and pedagogical foundations of coaching practice. London: Routledge, 2004.
CAVALLERIO, Francesca; WADEY, Ross; WAGSTAFF, Christopher. Impacting and being impacted by overuse injuries: an ethnodrama of parents’ experiences. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health, v. 14, n. 1, p. 19-36, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2021.1885480
COSTA, Vítor Ricci et al. Living within and outside a disciplinary bubble: a Focauldian analysis of Brazilian former gymnasts experiences in boarding school. Sport, Education and Society, v. 29, n. 3, p. 253-266, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2022.2142544
CUSHION, Chris. Modelling the complexity of coaching process. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, v. 2, n. 4, p. 395-401, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1260/174795407783359650
CUSHION, Chris; ARMOUR, Kathleen; JONES, Robin. Locating the coaching process in practice: models ‘for’ and ‘of’ coaching. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, v. 11, n. 1, p. 83-99, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980500466995
DENISON, Jim. Social theory for coaches: a Foucauldian reading of one athlete’s poor performance. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching, v. 2, n. 4, p. 369–383, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1260/174795407783359777
DENISON, Jim; MILLS, Joseph P.; KONOVAL, Timothy. Sports’ disciplinary legacy and the challenge of ‘coaching differently’. Sport, Education and Society, v. 22, n. 6, p. 772-783, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2015.1061986
FLYVBJERG, Bent. Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative inquiry, v. 12, n. 2, p. 219-245, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107780040528436
FOUCAULT, Michel. A história da sexualidade 1: a vontade de saber. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 1999.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A história da sexualidade 2: o uso dos prazeres. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 2006.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A história da sexualidade 3: o cuidado de si. Rio de Janeiro: Graal, 2007.
FOUCAULT, Michel. A ordem do discurso: aula Inaugural no Collège de France, pronunciada em 2 de dezembro de 1970. 19. ed. São Paulo: Loyola, 2009.
FOUCAULT, Michel. Technologies of the self. In: FOUCAULT, Michel; RABINOW, Paul (ed.). Ethics: subjectivity and truth. London: Penguin Books, 2000. (Essential works of Foucault 1954-1984, v. 1).
FOUCAULT, Michel. Vigiar e punir: nascimento da prisão. Petrópolis: Vozes, 1987.
HANOLD, Maylon. Beyond the marathon: (de)construction of female ultrarunning bodies. Sociology of Sport, v. 27, n. 2, p. 160-177, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ssj.27.2.160
JACOBS, Froukje; SMITS, Frank; KNOPPERS, Anne. “You don’t realize what you see!”: the institutional context of emotional abuse in elite youth sport. Sport in Society, v. 20, n. 1, p. 126-143, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2015.1124567
JOHNS, David; JOHNS, Jennifer. Surveillance, subjectivism, and technologies of power. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, v. 35, n. 2, p. 219-234, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/101269000035002006
JONES, Adam; AITCHISON, Cara. Triathlon as a space for women’s technologies of the self. In: AITCHISON, Cara (ed.). Sport and gender identities: masculinities, femininities and sexualities. Oxon, England: Routledge, 2007
JONES, Luke; DENISON, Jim. Challenge and relief: a Foucauldian disciplinary analysis of retirement from professional association football in the United Kingdom. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, v. 52, n. 8, p. 924-939, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690215625348
JONES, Robyn. Coaching as caring (the smiling gallery): accessing hidden knowledge. Physical Education and Sports Pedagogy, v. 14, n. 4, p. 377-390, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17408980801976551
JONES, Robyn; ARMOUR, Kathleen POTRAC, Paul. Understanding the coaching process: a framework for social analysis. Quest, v. 54, n. 1, p. 34-48, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2002.10491765
JONES, Robyn; GLINTMEYER, Milan; MCKENZIE, Anton. Slim bodies, eating disorders and the coach-athlete relationship: a tale of identity creation and disruption. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, v. 40, n. 30, p. 377-389, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1012690205060231
JOWETT, Sophia. Coaching effectiveness: the coach-athlete relationship at its heart. Current Opinion in Psychology, v. 16, p. 154–158, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.006
KERR, Roslyn et al. Coming of age: coaches transforming the pixie-style of coaching in Women’s Artistic Gymnastics. Sports Coaching Review, v. 8, n. 1, p. 7-24, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2017.1391488
KUHLIN, Fanny; STEWART, Carly; BARKER-RUCHTI, Natalie. Long-term impact of the coach-athlete relationship on development, health, and wellbeing: stories from a figure skater. Sports Coaching Review, v. 9, n. 2, p. 208-230, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/21640629.2019.1620016
MARKULA, Pirko; PRINGLE, Richard. Foucault, sport, and exercise: power, knowledge and transforming the self. Abington: Routledge, 2006.
OLIVEIRA, Maurício Santos. A microcultura de um ginásio de treinamento de Ginástica Artística de Alto Rendimento. 2014. 183 f. Tese (Doutorado em Pedagogia do Movimento Humano) – Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/T.39.2014.tde-11072014-104153
PINHEIRO, Maria Claudia et al. Gymnastics and child abuse: an analysis of former international Portuguese female artistic gymnasts. Sport, Education and Society, v. 19, n. 4, p. 435-480, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.679730
PURDY, Laura; JONES, Robyn; CASSIDY, Tania. Negotiation and capital: athletes’ use of power in an elite men’s rowing program. Sport, Education and Society, v. 14, n. 3, p. 321-338, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573320903037796
SCHIAVON, Laurita. M. Ginástica artística feminina e história oral: a formação desportiva de ginastas brasileiras participantes de Jogos Olímpicos (1980-2004). 2009. 379 f. Tese (Doutorado em Educação Física) - Faculdade de Educação Física. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47749/T/UNICAMP.2009.439200
SCHUTT, Russel. Investigating the social world: the process and practice of research. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2012.
SMITS, Froukje; JACOBS, Frank; KNOPPERS, Annelies. ‘Everything revolves around gymnastics’: athletes and parents make sense of elite youth sport. Sport in Society, v. 20, n. 1, p. 66-83, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2015.1124564
SPARKES, Andrew; SMITH, Brett. Qualitative research methods in sport, exercise and health: from process to product. Abingdon: Routledge, 2014.
STEWART, Carly; BARKER-RUCHTI, Natalie. Unraveling gender and non-accidental violence in women’s artistic gymnastics: a critical interpretative synthesis. Quest, v. 76, n. 2, p. 169-189, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2023.2261581
STIRLING, Ashley; KERR, Gretchen. A. Abused athletes’ perceptions of the coach-athlete relationship. Sport in Society: cultures, commerce, media, politics, v. 12, n. 2, p. 227-239, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17430430802591019
TYNAN, Ruby; MCEVILLY, Nollaig. ‘No pain, no gain’: former elite female gymnasts engagements with pain and injury discourses. Qualitative Research in Sport, v. 9, n. 4, p. 469-484, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2017.1323778
YIN, Richard. Applications of case study research. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2012.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2025 Movimento
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
A revista Movimento adota a licença Creative Commons Atribuição 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) para os trabalhos aprovados e publicados. Isso significa que os/as autores/as:
- mantêm os direitos autorais e concedem à revista o direito de primeira publicação; e
- têm o direito de compartilhar (copiar e redistribuir o material em qualquer suporte ou formato) e adaptar (remixar, transformar, e criar a partir do material para qualquer fim, mesmo que comercial).
Mais informações em: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
