Classificação Decimal de Dewey (CDD)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-5245.31.145068Palavras-chave:
Classificação Decimal de Dewey, classificação de assunto, teoria e princípios da classificaçãoResumo
A Classificação Decimal de Dewey é atualmente o sistema de classificação bibliográfica mais amplamente utilizado no mundo. Este artigo apresenta as características básicas da DDC e as discute no contexto de suas alternativas e das pesquisas na área. Fornece uma breve visão geral de seu desenvolvimento histórico e aborda as questões teóricas e as críticas levantadas contra ela. Argumenta-se que há uma discrepância entre, de um lado, o sucesso mundial da Classificação Decimal de Dewey e, de outro, suas qualidades acadêmicas. Alguns dos problemas da DDC estão relacionados à filosofia de seu fundador, Melvil Dewey, caracterizada por um pragmatismo estreito que enfatiza a função de "marcar e estacionar" em detrimento do acompanhamento do desenvolvimento do conhecimento. Henry Bliss desenvolveu uma filosofia e classificação alternativas baseadas no princípio de que uma classificação bibliográfica deve representar o consenso científico e educacional, promovendo uma conexão mais estreita entre a classificação bibliográfica e o estudo dos domínios do conhecimento. Por fim, Jesse Shera desenvolveu uma "epistemologia social", que enfatiza um pragmatismo mais profundo ao reconhecer desacordos fundamentais no conhecimento e em sua organização, implicando em uma conexão ainda maior com os domínios do conhecimento (que hoje formam a base da abordagem analítica de domínios). Nenhuma dessas alternativas posteriores alcançou a mesma popularidade da Classificação Decimal de Dewey, mas argumenta-se que elas fornecem uma base mais saudável para a organização do conhecimento como campo de estudo. É fundamental que a comunidade de ciência da informação considere tais questões filosóficas e como elas influenciam os sistemas e os processos de organização do conhecimento.
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