PREVALENCE OF MICRO- AND MACROANGIOPATHIC CHRONIC COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR RISK FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN AMBULATORY CARE
Keywords:
: diabetes mellitus, chronic complications, risk factorsAbstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (DM2) has been related to development of macroangiopatic [coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and stroke] and microangiopatic complications [retinopathy, nefropathy, and distal sensory neuropathy (DSN)]. The aims of this study were to analyze the prevalence of complications in DM2 patients and to estimate their associated risk factors.
Methods: Cross-sectional study, including 927 patients with DM2 (42% males, mean
age: 59 ± 10 years; mean known duration of DM2: 12 ± 8 years). Retinopathy was identified by direct fundoscopy; CHD by WHO questionnaire and/or abnormal ECG and/or perfusion abnormalities on myocardial scintigraphy; DSN by compatible symptoms and absent sensation on 10 g monofilament and/or tune fork; PVD by the presence of claudication and absent foot pulses, stroke by presence of sequels and history, and nephropathy by urinary albumin excretion rate (³ 20 mg/min). Hypertension was defined by blood pressure (³ 140/90 mmhg) and/or use of antihypertensive drugs. Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2 ) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated.
Results: CHD was present in 36% and PVD in 33%. Among microvascular, 37% had nefropathy (12% with macroalbuminuria); 46% retinopathy (15% proliferative retinopathy). DSN was present in 36%. Seventy three percent of the patients presented arterial hypertension. Cholesterol levels were >200 mg/dl in 64% and BMI > 30 kg/m2 in 36%. Twenty two percent of patients were smokers and 21% ex-smokers.
Conclusion: Diabetic complications are frequent among out patients attending to general hospitals. Almost all patients presented at least one risk factor for cardiovascular disease, what valid the efforts to their identification and adequate control.
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Copyright (c) 2022 Rafael Selbach Scheffel, Desirê Bortolanza, Cristiane Seganfredo Weber, Dra. Luciana Abarno da Costa, Dr. Luís Henrique Canani, Kátia Gonçalves dos Santos, Daisy Crispim, Dr. Israel Roisenberg, Dr. Hugo Roberto Kurtz Lisbôa, Dra. Glaucia Sarturi Tres, Dr. Balduíno Tschiedel, Dr. Jorge Luiz Gross
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