A escola, a família e o Estado: uma aproximação histórica de suas relações
Abstract
A história do ensino destaca, particularmente na França, o papel sucessivo de dois grandes atores institucionais: Igreja e Estado. Esse artigo sublinha, ao contrário, a ação das famílias, do século 16 ao 19, nos diferentes níveis de ensino: primário, secundário, técnico. Conclui pela necessidade de explorar as fontes disponíveis para reavaliar essa ação, a fim de lhe dar o justo lugar na dimensão sociocultural da história do ensino e, também, para melhor compreender as razões de alguns dos maiores problemas encontrados hoje no sistema educativo francês.
Palavras-chaves: história sociocultural, sistema escolar, longa duração, França, educação familiar.
SCHOOL, FAMILY AND THE STATE: A HISTORICAL APPROACH TO ITS RELATIONS
Abstract
The historiography of education focused, particularly in France, the role of two successive major institutional players: the church and state. This article draws attention to the work of families, the sixteenth to the nineteenth century, the different levels of education: primary, secondary, technical. It concludes with the need to exploit the available sources to reassess this action to give its proper place in the socio-cultural dimension of the history of education, and also to better understand why some major problems today by the French educational system.
Keywords: cultural studies, school system, long term, France, status, family education.
ESCUELA, FAMILIA Y ESTADO: UMA APROXIMACIÓN HISTORICA DE SUS RELACIONES
Resumen
La historiografía de la educación se centró, sobre todo en Francia, el papel de dos períodos consecutivos de los actores institucionales principales: la Iglesia y el Estado. En este artículo se hace hincapié en la labor de las familias, el siglo 16 hasta el siglo 19, los diferentes niveles de educación: primaria, secundaria, técnica. Se concluye con la necesidad de explotar los recursos disponibles para reevaluar esta acción para dar a su propio lugar en la dimensión socio-cultural de la historia de la educación, y también para comprender mejor por qué algunos problemas importantes en la actualidad por el sistema educativo francés.
Palabras clave: estudios culturales, sistema escolar, largo plazo, Francia, Estado, educación familiar.
L’ECOLE, LA FAMILLE ET L’ETAT: UN APERÇU HISTORIQUE DE LEURS RAPPORTS
Résume
L’historiographie de l’enseignement met l’accent, particulièrement en France, sur le rôle successif de deux grands acteurs institutionnels : l’Église et l’État. Cet article souligne au contraire l’action des familles, du 16ème au 19ème siècle, aux différents niveaux de l’enseignement : primaire, secondaire, technique. Il conclut sur la nécessité d’exploiter les sources disponibles pour réévaluer cette action, afin de donner sa juste place à la dimension socioculturelle de l’histoire de l’enseignement, et aussi de mieux comprendre les raisons de quelques problèmes majeurs rencontrés aujourd’hui par le système éducatif français.
Mots-clés: histoire socioculturelle, système scolaire, longue durée, France, état, éducation familiale.
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