A difusão dos modelos de pré-escolarização na Europa na primeira metade do século 19
Abstract
Entre os anos 1820 e o meio do século, a escola infantil é uma fonte de inspiração difundida na Europa, pois ela traz soluções aos problemas práticos e pedagógicos encontrados pelos fundadores das novas escolas de crianças. Mas muitos fatores diversificam os projetos e as realizações a partir do exemplo de um modelo estrangeiro: as concepções pedagógicas pessoais de um fundador, o empenho do Estado, de uma Igreja, de uma congregação. A história européia da pré-escolarização não pode desprezar os múltiplos intermediários - mundanos, confessionais, associativos, políticos, editoriais, profissionais - que permitem conhecer, para além das fronteiras, as teorias e as experiências. Mas seu objetivo principal continua sendo o estudo dos projetos e, mais ainda, das aplicações em contextos nacionais marcados por evoluções demográficas, econômicas, sociais, culturais e políticas específicas. Ela deve ultrapassar o simples quadro da circulação internacional das idéias pedagógicas e das filiações.
Palavras-chave: Jean-Nöel Luc: a difusão dos modelos de pré-escolarização na Europa na primeira metade do século 19.
Abstract
From the 1820s to the middle of the nineteenth century, the infant school served as a general source of inspiration in Europe, since it offered solutions to the practical and pedagogical problems encountered by those who promoted a new kind of schooling for the very young. Yet, despite the prevalence of this model, many factors contributed to diversify both projects and actual institutions at the national, regional or even local level - such as the existence of a school pre-dating the introduction of a foreign model, a founder-s own pedagogical conceptions, or the intervention of the State, of a Church or of a congregation. A european history of pre-school education musto not understanding roles played by social, confessional, agents, political, editorial, professional responsible for the circulation of theories and experiences beyond frontiers. Its main objective, however, remains the study of actual projects and of the ways they were carried out in national contexts characterized by specific demographic, economic, social, cultural and political evolutions. This history must go beyond a mere description of the international circulation of pedagogical ideas and of their sources of inspiration.
Keywords: Jean-Nöel Luc: the circulation of pre-school education models in Europe in the first half of the nineteenth century.
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