Balanço da história da educação na França na época contemporânea
Abstract
O artigo apresenta um balanço das pesquisas em história da educação na França na época contemporânea, especialmente quanto aos três níveis de ensino - primário, secundário, superior. Para o ensino primário, três perspectivas principais de análise se sucedem ou são estudadas paralelamente - os professores, a escolarização e a cultura escolar. O ensino secundário, apesar de seu papel na formação das elites e da burguesia no século 19 e durante grande parte do século 20, tem suscitado menos estudos inovadores e de discussão que o ensino primário. Quanto ao ensino superior, o artigo mostra que o setor é o mais recentemente estudado na perspectiva moderna da história da educação.
Résume
L'article présente un bilan des recherches en histoire de l'éducation en France à l'époque contemporaine, spécialement dans les trois ordres d'enseignement - primaire, secondaire, supérieur. Pour l'enseignement prirnaire, trois angles d'attaque principaux se sont succédés ou ont été étudiés parallelement - les instítuteurs, Ia scolarisation et Ia culture scolaire. Par e contraste, malgré son rôle dans Ia formation des élites et de Ia bourgeoisie au 19 siecle et e pendant Ia plus grande partie du 20 siecle, I' enseignement secondaire a suscité beaucoup moins de travaux novateurs et de controverses que l'enseignement primaire. Par rapport à I'enseignement supérieur, I'article montre que le secteur est le plus récentement développé dans Ia perspective moderne de l'histoire de l'éducatíon.
Mots-clé: l’education en France, culture scolaire, l’historie de l’education.
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