O advento da República e a educação superior no Brasil: uma mentalidade nova integrada pelo espírito do século e nas exigências do tempo
Abstract
Resumo
O texto tem como objetivo analisar a visão da educação superior no contexto da Primeira República, de 1889 a 1930, a partir do "espírito do século", das exigências do tempo e da compreensão dos presidentes do referido período. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com base em fontes bibliográficas e documentais, que abordam a educação superior da época, em especial, o registro das falas presidenciais. Constatou-se que nesse período estão presentes ainda três matrizes de pensamento: a matriz Católico-conservadora, como reação; a matriz Liberal, a laica; e a matriz Cientificista, com base positivista. A educação superior foi entendida como caminho para superar o atraso e a ignorância e como meio para a profissionalização, para os setores da economia e do mercado em expansão.
Palavras-chave: primeira república, educação superior, mentalidades.
Abstract
The objective of the text is to analyze the vision of higher education in the context of the First Republic, from 1889 to 1930, taking the "spirit of the century", the demands of the time, and an understanding of the presidents of that period as a point of departure. Research was developed based on bibliographical sources and documents that deal with higher education of the time, especially presidential discourse. Three currents of thought were verified to be still present in this period: the reactionary Catholic-conservative current; the lay Liberal current; and the Scientific current, with a positivist base. Higher education was understood as the way to overcome backwardness and ignorance and as a means of professionalizing sectors of the economy and an expanding market.
Keywords: first republic, higher education, mentalities.
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