Desafiando “el espantajo de la ciência oficializada”: estatística social e pesquisa operária de Carolina Muzilli na Argentina do início do século XX
Abstract
This article sheds light on some aspects of the intellectual trajectory of Carolina Muzilli, a seamstress, feminist, writer, and activist for the rights of working-class women and children. Born in Argentina in 1889 into a working-class family, Carolina Muzilli did not have the opportunity to pursue university studies after completing her high school diploma. However, she dedicated herself to developing research on the situation of child and female labor in Argentina, adopting and adapting techniques from social statistics developed by the Italian Alfredo Nicéforo, with the aim of bringing to light, with scientific rigor and method, the situation of exploitation and social injustice that existed at the time. Muzilli also entered the field of eugenics studies, traditionally dominated by white men, mostly doctors, to defend the neo-Lamarckian idea that the best eugenic factor for a strong population would be to improve the living conditions and education of the working classes. Through historical research procedures, based especially on sources written by Muzili between 1907 and 1916, this study highlights her contributions and challenges faced as a woman in science and politics during the first decades of the 20th century, highlighting the intersection of gender and class in her struggle for social justice. The conclusions indicate that Carolina Muzilli's research and scientific dissemination efforts were impactful and deeply marked by the contingencies of her gender and a life built on the struggle for self-support while aiming for social transformation.
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