Fresh-state performance of masonry mortars incorporating calcined kaolin waste

Abstract

The intensification of climate change has driven the search for supplementary cementitious materials capable of reducing CO₂ emissions and promoting the reuse of industrial waste. In this context, this study evaluated the effect of adding calcined kaolin waste (CKW) on the fresh-state behavior of masonry mortars, analyzing its feasibility as a partial replacement for Portland cement. The CKW was thermally treated at 600 °C for 3 hours and subsequently ground for 1 hour. After processing, five mixtures were produced with a 1:6 ratio (by mass), incorporating replacement levels ranging from 0% to 40%. The experimental program focused on evaluating the fresh-state properties of the mortars. The results indicated that the incorporation of CKW promotes beneficial modifications in mortar behavior, demonstrating potential for cost reduction and environmental benefits. It was concluded that a 30% replacement level of Portland cement with CKW represents the optimal proportion among the compositions analyzed, providing the best performance for the intended application.