BIM implementation

strategies, guidelines, and critical adoption factors, a systematic literature review

Abstract

The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has advanced in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Operation (AECO) sector; however, consolidated guidelines that integrate scientific evidence and normative frameworks remain limited. Addressing this gap, this study aimed to identify strategies, guidelines, and critical factors influencing BIM adoption in public and private organizations. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR), following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, was conducted and complemented by a documentary review of national and international legislation, guides, manuals, and BIM protocols. Searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar yielded 12,332 records, of which 95 met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that lack of knowledge, resistance to change, limited interoperability, high initial costs, and insufficient financial resources are the most recurrent barriers. The analysis of institutional documents revealed a predominance of elements such as the BIM Execution Plan (BEP), clear definition of roles and responsibilities, and adequate technological infrastructure. This study contributes by presenting an integrated set of guidelines that articulate organizational, normative, and technical factors, providing practical support for institutions seeking to structure or enhance BIM implementation processes.