The rise of the radical right in Eastern Europe and the persecution of the LGBTQIA+ rights
understanding the cases of Hungary (2012-2022) and Poland (2015-2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/2178-8839.128886Keywords:
Radicalism, LGBTQIA , Hungary, PolandAbstract
This paper aims to highlight the relationship between the rise of the radical right in Eastern Europe, from the 1990s onwards, and the breach of LGBTQIA+ rights in Hungary (2012-2022) and Poland (2015-2022). Furthermore, making use of the exploratory qualitative methodology, the specific goals are: (I) expose the main events at the domestic and international level directly related to the rise of the radical right in the region; (II) highlight the similarities and differences regarding the narratives involving the LGBTQIA+ rights in both countries; (III) highlight the international responses to these violations of rights. Thus, the problem-question can be characterized as: why did the radical right of Eastern Europe start to adopt with such vehemence the persecution of the LGBTQIA+ population rights as part of their political agendas in the 21st century? Therefore, the hypothesis is that the transnationalization of the LGBTQIA+ fight is understood by some segments of the International Society as a form of ideological imposition from the West and, therefore, must be fought in defense of local culture and values.
Downloads
References
BECKER, Jens. The rise of right-wing populism in Hungary. Journal for Labour and Social Affairs in Eastern Europe, v.13, n.1, p. 29-40, 2010.
BESWICK, Emma; ABELLAN-MATAMOROS, Cristina. Polish parliamentary election: Final results show PiS win narrow majority. Euronews, 15/10/2019. Disponível em: https://www.euronews.com/2019/10/13/poland-head-to-the-polls-with-conservative-ruling-law-justice-party-in-the-lead. Acesso em 14/10/2022.
BOBBIO, Norberto; MATTEUCCI, Nicola; PASQUINO, Gianfranco. Dicionário de Política. Brasília: Editora Universidade de Brasília, 1998.
ENYEDI, Zsolt. Right-wing authoritarian innovations in Central and Eastern Europe. East European Politics, v.36, n.3, p. 363-377, 2020.
EQUALDEX. LGBT Rights in Hungary. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.equaldex.com/region/hungary. Acesso em 10/11/2022.
FILGUEIRAS, Luiz e DRUCK, Graça. O governo Bolsonaro, o neofascismo e a resistência democrática. In: Le Monde Diplomatique Brasil. Edição Novembro 2018: Disponível em: https://diplomatique.org.br/o-governo-bolsonaro-o-neofascismo-e-aresistencia-democratica/. Acesso em 06/03/2023.
GOETTIG, Marcin; BARTECZKO, Agnieszka. Poland's Eurosceptics win outright majority in parliament. Reuters. Londres, 27/10/2015. Disponível em: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-election-idUSKCN0SL1XH20151027. Acesso em 14/10/2022.
GRABOWSKA-MOROZ, Barbara; WÓJCIK, Anna. Reframing LGBT rights advocacy in the context of the rule of law backsliding. The case of Poland. Intersections: East European Journal of Society and Politics, v.7, n.4, p. 85-103, 2021.
KLOTZ, Audie. Case Selection. In: KLOTZ, Audie; PRAKASH, Deepa (Eds). Qualitative Methods in International Relations: A Pluralist Guide. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, cap. 4, p. 43-58.
KNIGHT, Kyle; GALL, Lydia. Hungary Ends Legal Recognition for Transgender and Intersex People: President Ader Should Not Sign Problematic New Law. Human Rights Watch. Nova Iorque, 21/05/2020. Disponível em: https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/05/21/hungary-ends-legal-recognition-transgender-and-intersex-people. Acesso em 10/11/2022.
LACLAU, Ernesto. Populism: What's in a Name? In: PANIZZA, Francisco (Ed). Populism and the Mirror of Democracy. Londres: Verso, 2005, cap. 1, p. 32-49.
MINKENBERG, Michael. The Rise of the Radical Right in Eastern Europe: Between Mainstreaming and Radicalization. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, v.18, n.1, p. 27-35, 2017.
MUDDE, Cas. The ideology of the extreme right. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2000.
MURER, Jeffrey Stevenson. The Rise of Jobbik, Populism, and the Symbolic Politics of Illiberalism in Contemporary Hungary. The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs, v.2, n.2, p. 79-102, 2015.
NELSON, Steven. RTL Klub to Fight Media Council Decision Over Banning LGBTQ “Rainbow Families” Ad. Hungarian Politics. Budapeste, 06/02/2022. Disponível: https://hungarianpolitics.com/2022/02/06/rtl-klub-to-fight-media-council-decision-over-banning-lgbtq-rainbow-families-ad/. Acesso em 14/11/2022.
NUÑEZ-MIETZ, Fernando G. Resisting human rights through securitization: Russia and Hungary against LGBT rights. Journal of Human Rights, v.18, n.2, p. 1-21, 2019.
PARLAMENTO EUROPEU. European Parliament resolution of 18 December 2019 on public discrimination and hate speech against LGBTI people, including LGBTI free zones (2019/2933(RSP)). 2019. Disponível em: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-9-2019-0101_EN.html. Acesso em 17/10/2022.
PTAK, Alicja. Growing majority in Poland support same-sex civil unions or marriage, finds poll. Notes from Poland. Cracóvia, 10/06/2022. Disponível em: https://notesfrompoland.com/2022/06/10/growing-majority-in-poland-support-same-sex-civil-unions-or-marriage-finds-poll/. Acesso em 19/10/2022.
RAE, Gavin. Eastern Europe’s Right-Wing Shift Is Not Unique. Social Europe. Berlim, 12/03/2018. Disponível em: https://socialeurope.eu/eastern-europes-right-wing-shift-is-not-unique. Acesso em 27/09/2022.
RAE, Gavin. PiS attacks LGBT+ rights in Poland, as elections loom. Social Europe. Berlim, 02/04/2019. Disponível em: https://socialeurope.eu/pis-attacks-lgbt-rights-in-poland. Acesso em 17/10/2022.
RENKIN, Hadley Z. Homophobia and queer belonging in Hungary. Focaal—European Journal of Anthropology, v.53, p.20–37, 2009.
SIERAKOWSKI, Sławomir. How Eastern European Populism Is Different. Social Europe. Berlim, 08/02/2018. Disponível em: https://socialeurope.eu/eastern-european-populism-different. Acesso em 27/09/2022.
SOUZA, Jamerson. Edmund Burke e a gênese conservadorismo. Serviço Social & Sociedade, n. 126, p. 360-377, 2016.
THORESON, Ryan. LGBT Rights Under Renewed Pressure in Hungary: Children Harmed in the Name of Protection. Human Rights Watch. Nova Iorque, 15/02/2022. Disponível em: https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/15/lgbt-rights-under-renewed-pressure-hungary. Acesso em 20/10/2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Maiko, Lucas
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows its use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, as well as its transformation and creations from it, as long as the original author and source are credited. Also, the material cannot be used for commercial purposes, and if it is transformed, or used as a basis for other creations, these must be distributed under the same license as the original.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are allowed to deposit, in the repositories accepted by Conjuntura Austral, the preprint version of the manuscripts submitted to the journal prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
d. Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish and distribute online (in institutional and /or thematic repositories, on their personal pages, etc.) the postprint version of the manuscripts (accepted and published), without an embargo period.
e. Conjuntura Austral: Journal of the Global South, imbued with the spirit of ensuring the protection of regional academic and scientific production in Open Access, is a signatory to the Mexico Declaration on the use of the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license to guarantee the protection of academic and scientific production in open access.
Accepted 2023-03-14
Published 2023-03-30
