Notícias falsas sobre saúde durante a pandemia de COVID-19: entre o ceticismo e o viés de preferência cultural
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-0337/e128636Palavras-chave:
notícias falsas sobre saúde, pandemia de COVID-19, grupo do WhatsApp, crença cultural.Resumo
Durante a pandemia da COVID-19, observou-se muita desinformação ou notícias falsas na forma como a pandemia era retratada na mídia eletrônica. Este artigo examina como o público obtém e dissemina informações sobre a COVID-19 de e para grupos do WhatsApp e como o contexto cultural influencia o ceticismo em relação às informações sobre a COVID-19 obtidas em grupos do WhatsApp. Com base nos resultados de entrevistas com 200 entrevistados realizadas em Surabaya e Malang, Java Oriental, os resultados revelaram que notícias falsas sobre a COVID-19, especialmente aquelas relacionadas a informações de saúde e aos benefícios do banho de sol para combater a COVID-19, foram criticadas por mais da metade dos entrevistados. No entanto, vários entrevistados acreditavam que as notícias falsas sobre a COVID-19 eram verdadeiras devido ao hábito sociocultural de consumir jamu e ervas medicinais, que são considerados parte de uma herança cultural benéfica. Os sistemas de crenças e práticas culturais, em uma situação incerta durante a pandemia da COVID-19, tornaram as pessoas facilmente influenciadas pela compreensão equivocada dos verdadeiros benefícios do jamu na prevenção da COVID-19. A comunidade está endossando desinformação ou notícias falsas ao aceitar informações que sugerem que especiarias (“jamu” e “empon-empon”) podem tratar pacientes com COVID-19. As pessoas tendem a buscar orientação dentro da estrutura de seu sistema tradicional de crenças quando confrontadas com situações incertas e ansiedade severa, o que pode até reforçar e validar sua crença.
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