PERCEPTIONS AND CHALLENGES OF NURSING PROFESSIONALS IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE IN THE FACE OF AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER

Abstract

Introduction: Mental health is influenced by biopsychosocial factors, and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) presents specific challenges in health care. Nursing professionals in Primary Health Care (PHC) often face difficulties in caring for this population due to a lack of training and adequate resources. Objective: To understand the perceptions and challenges faced by nursing professionals in PHC when caring for people with ASD. Method: A qualitative study conducted with Nursing professionals working in the PHC/Health Center of municipality in western Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data collection took place through an electronic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using content analysis technique. Results: Six professionals participated in the study, including two nurses and four nursing technicians, with a mean age of 34.8 years and more than five years of professional experience. Five identified as women and one as a man. The analysis revealed three main categories: (1) understanding of ASD and team preparation, highlighting the lack of specific training and the need for continuing education for Nursing professionals and the entire PHC team for comprehensive family care; (2) practical experience and communication strategies, showing difficulties in interacting with autistic people and the importance of approaches adapted to individual needs; and (3) influence of the physical environment and necessary resources, demonstrating the need for welcoming spaces and investments in continuing education and infrastructure to improve the care provided by the Family Health Strategy. Conclusion: The lack of training and the inadequacy of the care environment hinder the care of people with ASD in PHC. For more effective care, it is essential to invest in the continuous training of professionals and the adaptation of physical spaces, promoting humanized and inclusive care.