Acute renal failure due to sulfadiazine
Case Report
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22491/2357-9730.125115Keywords:
Renal failure, sulfadiazine, nephrotoxicity, toxoplasmosisAbstract
Sulfadiazine and pyrimetamine are used with optimal results in cerebral toxoplasmosis therapy. We describe the case of a patient who developed acute renal failure due to sulfadiazine crystals and stones. Diagnosis was made through examination of the urine for typical sulfonamide crystals. Acetylsufadiazine crystals were found in urinalysis and a number of stones were present in ultrasound examination. After adequate hydration and discontinuation of sulfadiazine therapy, both crystalluria and renal failure were resolved promptly. We made a brief review of the literature and a discussion on prevention, diagnosis and treatment of sulfadiazine-induced renal failure. Renal complications of sulfonamide therapy are preventable with adequate hydration and alkalization of the urine. As the number of cases of toxoplasmic encephalitis increases and sulfadiazine is used more frequently, the incidence of complications due to crystalluria may rise, unless preventive measures are taken.
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