ENTRE MUROS DE DIAGNÓSTICOS E GRADES DE SILÊNCIOS: Freud, Lacan e a Psicanálise como Resistência à Psiquiatria

Abstract

This article examines how psychoanalysis, from its foundation with Sigmund Freud to Jacques Lacan’s reformulations, constituted itself as a field of knowledge and practice in critical opposition to organicist psychiatry. Starting from the historical context of the late nineteenth century, in which psychiatry sought biological causes for mental disorders, it shows how Freud broke with this model by introducing the unconscious as an etiological factor of psychic symptoms. It then discusses Lacan’s “return to Freud,” which radicalized the distinctions between psychoanalysis and psychiatry, emphasizing the centrality of language, the structure of the subject, and the ethics of clinical listening. The text highlights the implications of this opposition for the understanding of psychic suffering and for contemporary clinical practice, pointing out the relevance of psychoanalysis as a critical device in the face of medicalizing logics in mental health.