Impressos pedagógicos: afirmação do projeto republicano e contraposições (1870-1920)
Abstract
A imprensa pedagógica tem sido concebida em função de uma dinâmica sócio-cultural, expressando conflitos e disputa de espaço na proposição de valores e perspectivas para a formação desejada de sociedade. A partir da ênfase na formação dos Estados Nacionais foi sendo entendido que a escolarização do povo era uma estratégia fecunda para a formação do homem novo e de novas estruturas. No presente texto o objetivo é ajudar a entender o movimento da crescente difusão da imprensa pedagógica, no Brasil, a partir da década de 1870. Trabalho com a hipótese de que foi a crescente afirmação do Projeto Republicano e a contraposição ao mesmo, seja pela Igreja Cristã da Restauração, seja pelo Movimento Operário na perspectiva anárquico-sindicalista ou socialista, que motivaram o incremento da imprensa pedagógica, usando-a como estratégia de afirmação de suas propostas. Os livros didáticos são entendidos, neste texto, apenas como uma das expressões da imprensa pedagógica. Também jornais, periódicos, anuários, semanários, folhetos foram usados como impressos pedagógicos para a afirmação dos objetivos em questão. Delimitei o tempo ao período de 1870 a 1920, fazendo a análise com atenção para a dinâmica histórica relacionada com a dimensão étnico-cultural.
Palavras-chave: impressos pedagógicos, projeto republicano e imprensa pedagógica, igreja da restauração, anarquismo, imprensa pedagógica.
Abstract
Pedagogical press have been conceived in terms of a socio-cultural dynamic, expressing conflicts and disputing space in the proposition of values and perspectives of the formation desired by society. Beginning from the emphasis on the formation of the National States, it was understood that the schooling of the people was a fertile strategy in the creation of the new man and of new structures. On this given article the objective is to help understand the increasing movement diffusion of the pedagogical press, which started on the decade of 1870s here in Brazil. I have worked with the hypothesis that it was the growing affirmation of the Republican Project and at the same time it' s counter position, whether by the Christian Restoration Church, or by the Workers Movement in it's anarchical-syndicalism or socialist perspectives, that motivated the increment of pedagogical press, using it as a strategy to affirm its proposals. Education books are understood, in this text, to be one of the expressions of the pedagogical press, as well as newspapers, periodicals, annuals, weeklies, and pamphlets were used as pedagogical publications to obtain the objectives in question. I have delimited the time to the period from 1870 to 1920, undertaking the analysis with attention to the historical dynamic related to its ethnic-cultural dimension.
Keywords: pedagogical publications, the republican project and pedagogical press, restoration church, anarchism, pedagogical press.
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