Os livros didáticos de matemática na escola secundária brasileira no século 19
Abstract
O estudo apresenta informações sobre os livros didáticos de Matemática utilizados no século 19, no Collégio de Pedro 2°, considerado padrão para seus congêneres. A partir de informações contidas nos programas de Ensino adotados no Colégio de 1838 a 1900 e com auxílio da literatura especializada, foi possível identificar a autoria e os títulos de trinta e dois livros didáticos. A maioria deles era de autoria de brasileiros, porém, alguns foram escritos por autores franceses, especialmente os adotados na última década do século 19. Com base no número de edições de cada livro e no número de exemplares publicados, pode-se concluir que os mesmos foram utilizados em muitas instituições públicas e particulares em diversos pontos do país e inferir que houve uma equivalência, senão total, pelo menos parcial, entre os estudos de Matemática do Collégio de Pedro 2° e das demais instituições que adotavam os livros didáticos utilizados no colégio padrão. Os resultados obtidos permitem, traçar facetas do ensino de matemática no Collégio de Pedro 2° e subsidiar estudos sobre o ensino de Matemática no Brasil.
Abstract
The study presents information on the mathematics textbooks used in the 19 century in the College Pedro 2°, with was the model secondary institution of its time. From information contained in the teaching programs implemented in the College from 1838 to 1900, and with the aid of specialized literature, it was possible to identify the authors and titles of thirty-two textbooks. The majority of the texts were authored by Brazilians; however, some were written by French authors, especially those utilized in the final decade of the 19 century. Based on the number of published re-editions of many of the works, one can infer that the texts were adopted by many public and private institutions throughout the country; and that there was total, or at least partial equivalency between the mathematics courses in the College and the mathematics courses in those institutions that adopted the mathematics textbooks uses in the College. The study not only results in a description of the mathematics program in the College Pedro 2°, it also contributes to a general understanding of the teaching of mathematics throughout Brazil during the century.
Key-words: textbook, secondary education, history of disciplines.
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