Criação e reinvenção dos liceus: 1802-1902 - Lycée(s) creation and recreation: 1802-1902
Abstract
ResumoEste artigo analisa a trajetória percorrida desde o liceu criado por Bonaparte em 1802 até o liceu moderno, que resulta da grande reforma de 1902. A questão fundamenta-se, primeiramente, no que aconteceu ao papel atribuído aos liceus na construção de uma instrução pública dominada pelo Estado, e de um ensino secundário em que eles devem coexistir com estabelecimentos municipais e particulares. A segunda parte da análise fundamenta-se na tensão entre uma lógica do estabelecimento, arraigada na tradição humanista, e uma lógica da cátedra professoral, perceptível na mobilidade dos professores e na especialização dos ensinos. O decréscimo do número de alunos internos dos liceus precipita a crise do ensino secundário e conduz à reforma de 1902, que cria o liceu moderno e marca o fim do modelo humanista.
Palavras-chave: França, século XIX, liceus, ensino secundário.
LYCÉE(S) CREATION AND RECREATION: 1802-1902
Abstract
This article analyzes the lycée trajectory since the one created by Bonaparte in 1802 to the modern lycée resulted from the 1902 big Reform. Firstly, the question is about what occurred to the lycée ascribed role, concerning to the construction of a public instruction dominated by the state. Also, the text mentions secondary instruction and its coexistence with private and municipal institutions; secondly, the analysis is based on the tension between a logic deep-rooted institution based on a humanist tradition, and a logic of the professoral cathedra, perceptible in teachers’ mobility and in teaching specialization. The internal lycée students decreased in number. This fact caused to happen the secondary teaching crisis and leaded to the 1902 Reform that created the modern lycée and marked the humanist model end.
Keywords: France; XIX century; lyceum; secondary school.
CREACIÓN Y REINVENCIÓN DE LOS LICEOS: 1802-1902
Resumen
Este artículo analiza el camino recorrido desde el liceo creado por Bonaparte en 1802 hasta el liceo moderno, que resulta de la grande reforma de 1902. La cuestión está fundamentada, primeramente, en lo que ha pasado al rol atribuido a los liceos en la construcción de una instrucción pública dominada por el Estado, y de una enseñanza secundaria en que ellos deben coexistir con establecimientos municipales y particulares. La segunda parte del análisis se fundamenta en la tensión entre una lógica del establecimiento, arraigada en la tradición humanista, y una lógica de la cátedra profesoral, perceptible en la movilidad de los profesores y en la especialización de la enseñanza. El decrecido del número de alumnos internos de los liceos precipita la crisis de la enseñanza secundaria y conduje a la reforma de 1902, que crea el liceo moderno y marca el fin del modelo humanista.
Palabras-clave: Francia, siglo XIX, liceos, enseñanza secundaria.
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