Os caminhos da historiografia educativa portuguesa: da história à educação
Abstract
Os caminhos e as tendências da historiografia educativa portuguesa, no período contemporâneo, retractam as características significativas da evolução da educação e da escola nos séculos 19-20. O autor realiza uma abordagem à historiografia educativa do ensino e da escola pública, cujo desenvolvimento regeu-se por três condicionalismos: o discurso legalista, político e normalista (legislação e intervenções políticas nos órgãos); a explicação pedagógica da realidade educativa; e as condições estruturais da educação e da escola oficial. As resistências às mudanças educativas ficaram marcadas pelo analfabetismo, pelos níveis percentuais de escolaridade, pelo insucesso e abandono escolar, pela formação e estatuto dos professores e, ainda pela política de centralização e descentralização do ensino.
Palavras-chave: historiografia educativa, escola pública, escolaridade e formação de professores.
Abstract
The parts and the tendencies of Portuguese contemporary educational history show the meaningful characteristics of the evolution of education and school in the 19th/20th centuries. The author approaches the educational history of teaching and public schooling, who's development was subordinated to three constraints: the legal, political and normative speech (legislation and political speeches); the pedagogical explanation of educational reality and the structural conditions of education and public schooling. The resistance to educational changes were marked by illiteracy, the percentage levels of schooling, failure and dropout, training and status of teachers, and also by the political centralization and decentralizations of education.
Keywords: educational history, public schooling, illiteracy and training of teachers.
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