Interação interétnica no contexto de questões fronteiriças e territoriais
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-0337/e152453Palavras-chave:
integração sociocultural, cooperação transfronteiriça, ambiente juvenil, identidade étnica, diálogo cultural.Resumo
O estudo teve como objetivo examinar as características específicas da interação interétnica nas regiões fronteiriças da Ásia Central. Baseou-se em um levantamento etnosociológico realizado com jovens quirguizes e uzbeques. A metodologia de pesquisa incluiu um levantamento com jovens de diferentes faixas etárias (16-30 anos), uma análise de documentos que regulamentam as relações fronteiriças e um estudo dos indicadores socioeconômicos de desenvolvimento nos territórios fronteiriços. O estudo explorou as características da interação interétnica em diversas esferas da vida pública: educacional, cultural, econômica e social. Constatou-se que os jovens, em geral, demonstram um nível relativamente alto de predisposição para a interação interétnica. Ao mesmo tempo, observou-se uma dinâmica relacionada à idade: entre os jovens quirguizes, o nível de tolerância interétnica aumenta com a idade, enquanto entre os jovens uzbeques a tendência oposta é evidente. A pesquisa revelou o papel significativo dos fatores socioeconômicos e do ambiente educacional no fomento do diálogo interétnico, com o nível de interação interétnica entre os jovens uzbeques (35,3%) superando o dos jovens quirguizes (28,7%). O surgimento de novas formas de interação interétnica no espaço digital foi registrado, com níveis de atividade online atingindo 65,3% entre os jovens uzbeques e 58,7% entre os jovens quirguizes. O estudo mostrou que a resolução de questões fronteiriças é percebida como um fator importante para a estabilização das relações interétnicas. Ao mesmo tempo, os jovens demonstraram níveis relativamente mais altos de satisfação com o processo de resolução de conflitos fronteiriços, variando de 38,9% entre os quirguizes a 47,3% entre os uzbeques.
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