TRAINING FOR PRECEPTORSHIP

REQUIREMENTS, CHALLENGES, AND EXPERIENCES IN THE INTERNATIONAL CONTEXT

Abstract

This integrative review aimed to identify approaches to preceptorship training, seeking to know the pedagogical challenges faced by preceptors during their teaching in service and the training experiences in the international context. Data were collected from Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, with the English descriptors: preceptorship, internship and residency and nonmedical internship, and Portuguese descriptors: preceptoria, internato e residência and internato não médico, in the period between 2000 and 2020. We selected 24 publications that presented preceptorship activities as developed in the Brazilian programs, that is, by senior health professionals, and included Portuguese, Spanish and English publications. The publications present needs that are generated in the context of exercising preceptorship, which demands the intercrossing of teaching and care dimensions, going beyond the knowledge of the practice. The challenges identified refer to the needs of the pedagogical practice, focusing on the mediation of the teaching-learning process, evaluation, and use of active methodologies. The study identified 13 preceptorship training experiences in the international context, two of which in Brazil. The support of teaching services and institutions proved fundamental, and the training experiences examined may guide the arrangement of initiatives for preceptorship training, which needs to be expanded and qualified to meet the needs for care and training in the healthcare scope within the Brazilian public health system.