João de Deus, a Cartilha Maternal e o ensino da leitura em Portugal
Abstract
Este trabalho pretende situar-se como uma análise crítica da Cartilha Maternal, elaborada pelo poeta português João de Deus em 1876. Esse compêndio de ensino da leitura teve significativa repercussão no Brasil durante o decorrer da Primeira República. Por ser assim, julgou-se relevante aprofundar a investigação sobre o tema, particularmente buscando responder à seguinte questão: quais foram os elementos que contribuíram para o êxito da Cartilha Maternal? Na verdade, existe já vasta bibliografia acerca do sucesso tanto editorial quanto pedagógico da cartilha de João de Deus. Pretendemos então estudar a metodologia da alfabetização contida naquele compêndio, que se vale do modo analítico de ensinar a ler pelo significado das palavras e não pelo som das letras. João de Deus pode ser considerado, acerca do tema, um precursor de Decroly, já que o conteúdo de sua Cartilha Maternal aponta para o método global.
Palavras-chave: alfabetização, leitura, Portugal.
Abstract
This work intend to establish a critical analysis of the literary children's book (7 years old) written by the portuguese poet João de Deus in 1876. That publication had a significant repercussion in Brazil during the first republic stage. We considered important to deepen the investigation about the subject and particularly try to find out the elements which contributed to the success of the João de Deus literacy book. A vast bibliography describing the pedagogical success of that publication is available in the literature. So, the main goal of our study was to analyze specifically the literacy method which could be classified as an analytical reading method, because he emphases the meaning of the words instead of the sound. João de Deus can be considered as a Decroly's precursor, because the contents of its literacy children's book points for the global method.
Keyword: literacy, reading, Portugal.
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