Antropologia e inteligência artificial:

por uma xenoantropologia das máquinas e uma xenoepistemologia do machine learning

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22456/1984-1191.142923

Keywords:

speculative anthropology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, xenoepistemologies, xenoanthropology

Abstract

Este artigo investiga as possibilidades de abordagem antropológica da Inteligência Artificial (IA) e do Machine Learning (ML) a partir de uma perspectiva de uma Antropologia Especulativa. Exploramos como essas tecnologias emergentes, especialmente os algoritmos de aprendizado profundo não supervisionados, introduzem novas formas de agência não humana e alteridade radical. A partir da noção de “XenoEpistemologias”, apostamos numa “Xenoantropologia” para interpretar como a IA desafia as categorias tradicionais de agência e conhecimento na Antropologia Social e Cultural. O artigo examina os limites das abordagens antropológicas tradicionais ao lidar com tecnologias digitais e apresenta alternativas, como a lógica abdutiva que abraça a indeterminação e a criação de novas realidades. O objetivo é expandir as ferramentas
analíticas da Antropologia para engajar-se com a IA e o ML não apenas como objetos de estudo, mas como agentes ativos na produção de novas epistemologias e ontologias.

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Author Biographies

Julio Valentim, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

Julio Valentim has a Bachelor's degree in Social Communication, with a minor in Journalism, and a Master's degree in Communication and Culture from the School of Communication at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (ECO/UFRJ). He is currently a PhD candidate in Social Sciences in the Postgraduate Program in Social Sciences of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (PGCS/UFES). He also works as coordinator of Data Kula Lab, a laboratory dedicated to computational anthropology and the intersection between social sciences and data science.

Patricia Pereira Pavesi, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo

Patrícia Pereira Pavesi. (Doutora em Antropologia pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade Federal Fluminense [2014], mestre em Antropologia pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (2003), graduada em Filosofia pela Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo [1997]. Atualmente é Professora Adjunto do Departamento de Ciências Sociais da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo). E-mail para contato: pppavesipatricia4@gmail.com.)

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Published

2025-01-03

How to Cite

VALENTIM, Julio; PAVESI, Patricia Pereira. Antropologia e inteligência artificial: : por uma xenoantropologia das máquinas e uma xenoepistemologia do machine learning. ILUMINURAS, Porto Alegre, v. 25, n. 69, p. 340–367, 2025. DOI: 10.22456/1984-1191.142923. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/iluminuras/article/view/142923. Acesso em: 27 aug. 2025.