Clinical signs of autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) to assist pediatric dentists in early diagnosis

Abstract

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that interferes in the behavioral and social interaction areas, and can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe levels. Aim: To conduct a literature review to identify the signs present in patients with ASD, and thus assist dentists, especially pediatric dentists, in early diagnosis. Literature review: The first manifestations of ASD appear before 36 months of age. One of the clinical signs related to social interaction are children who prefer to be alone, not participating in games. Signs of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests are usually observed, which can hinder social interaction. Speech delays are often the main sign observed by parents. Some ASD screening questionnaires can be applied by healthcare professionals. Discussion: The dentist, especially the pediatric dentist, must be attentive to the development of the patient, verifying the presence of speech delay, an important characteristic of the spectrum, as well as behavioral deviations incompatible with age or dental procedure. In the presence of some signs of the spectrum, the professional should not hesitate to refer the patient to other professionals for further evaluation. Conclusion: Knowledge of these signs by health professionals, especially pediatric dentists, is of fundamental importance to assist in early diagnosis in order to minimize symptoms and contribute to the development and integration of children with ASD in society.