Rússia e Ucrânia:
a guerra que "não pode ser vencida"
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/2178-8839.128328Keywords:
Russo-Ukrainian War; identities; interests; NATO-Russia RelationsAbstract
The present war between Russia and Ukraine has stunned a very large group of Western academics and diplomats. However, faced with the then "unexpected" annexation of Crimea, which took place in 2014 and the beginning of the confrontation in Donbass, such a stance would be at least reckless. This analysis tries to explain the origins of the problem departing from the empirical complexity of the Russian-Ukrainian relationship and the theoretical incapacity of the discipline of international relations to perceive the vicious circle between identities and interests, which caused the current situation. By way of conclusion, it is suggested that the only alternative to immediately ending the violence would be the unilateral declaration by NATO of a moratorium on the entry of new members for a very long period, and the commitment to start negotiations on the military neutrality of Ukraine.
Downloads
References
ARBATOV, A. G. Russia’s Foreign Policy Alternatives. International Security. v. 18, n. 2, p. 5–43, 1993.
BALMACEDA, Margarita M. 1998a. Gas, Oil and the linkages between domestic and foreign policies: The case of Ukraine. Europe-Asia Studies. v. 50, n. 2, p. 257–86, 1998a.
BALMACEDA, Margarita M. Ukraine, Russia, and European Security: Thinking beyond NATO Expansion. Problems of Post-Communism. v. 45, n. 1, p. 21–29, 1998b.
BURANT, Stephen R. Foreign Policy and National Identity: A Comparison of Ukraine and Belarus. Europe-Asia Studies, v. 47, n. 7, p. 1.125-1.145, 1995.
DALL’AGNOL, Augusto César. Queda & Ascensão da Rússia: Estabilidade Estratégica, Construção do Estado e Reforma Militar de Larga Escala. Curitiba: Appris Editora, 2021.
GARNETT, S. Keystone in the Arch: Ukraine in the emerging security environment of central and eastern europe. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1997.
HRYSHCHENKO, Kostyantyn. 1997. Reducing the nuclear threats through joint joint efforts: the view from Ukraine. In: Shields, J. e Potter, W. (org.). Dismantling the Cold War: US and NIS Perspectives on the Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1997.
INTERFAX-UKRAINE. SBU Shot Dead Member of Ukrainian Negotiating Delegation Kireev Who Was Suspected of Treason during His Arrest – MP Honcharenko. 2022. Disponível em: https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/807707.html. Acesso em 02/10/2022.
KINCADE, W. H.; MELNYCZUK, Natalie. Unneighborly Neighbors. Foreign Policy, n. 94, p. 84-105, 1994.
LAYNE, Christopher. The Unipolar Illusion: Why New Great Powers Will Rise. International Security. v.17, n. 4, p. 5–51, 1993.
LIEVEN, Anatol. Ukraine & Russia: a fraternal Rivalry. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 1999.
LIPHSHIZ, Cnaan. Polish journalist quits after paper rejects ‘neo-Nazi’ term for Ukrainian militia. The Times of Israel. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.timesofisrael.com/polish-journalist-quits-after-paper-rejects-neo-nazi-term-for-ukrainian-militia/, Acessado em 02/07/2022.
MCCGWIRE, M. NATO expansion: 'a policy error of historic importance’. Review of International Studies. v.24, n.1, p. 23–42, 1998.
MIELNICZUK, Fabiano. Identidade como fonte de conflito: Ucrânia e Rússia no pós-URSS. Contexto Internacional. v.28, n.1, p. 223–258, 2006.
MIELNICZUK, Fabiano. O Conflito entre Rússia e Geórgia: uma revisão histórica. Estudos internacionais. v. 1, n. 2, p. 157–66, 2013.
MIELNICZUK, Fabiano. A crise ucraniana e suas implicações para as relações internacionais. Conjuntura Austral. v.5, n. 23, p. 4–19, 2014.
MORRISON, John. Pereyaslav and After: The Russian-Ukrainian Relationship. International Affairs, v. 69, n. 4, p. 677-703, 1993.
PIFER, Steven. Russia’s Draft Agreements with NATO and the United States: Intended for Rejection? Brookings (blog). Disponível em: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2021/12/21/russias-draft-agreements-with-nato-and-the-united-states-intended-for-rejection/. Acesso em 02/10/2022.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 2021a. Agreement on measures to ensure the security of The Russian Federation and member States of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization - Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации". 2021a. Disponível em: https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/rso/nato/1790803/?lang=en. Acesso em 02/10/2022.
RUSSIAN FEDERATION. 2021b. Treaty between The United States of America and the Russian Federation on security guarantees - Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации". 2021b. Disponível em: https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/rso/nato/1790818/?lang=en. Acesso em 02/10/2022.
SHERR, James. Russia‐Ukraine rapprochement?: The black sea fleet accords. Survival. v.39, n.3, p. 33–50, 1997.
SMOLANSKY, O. M. Ukraine and Russia: An Evolving Marriage of Inconvenience. Orbis. v.48, n. 1, p. 117–34, 2004.
SMOLANSKY, O. M. Ukraine’s quest for independence: The fuel factor. Europe-Asia Studies. v. 47, n.1, p. 67–90, 1995.
WENDT, Alexander. Anarchy is what States Make of it: The Social Construction of Power Politics. International Organization. v. 46, n.2, p. 391–425, 1992.
WOHLFORTH, William C.. Realism and the End of the Cold War. International Security. v. 19, n.3, p. 91–129, 1994.
WOHLFORTH, William C.. The Stability of a Unipolar World. International Security. v. 24, n.1, p. 5–41, 1999.
ZABOLOTSKY, B. P.; MIELNICZUK, F. Do “outro” lado do ocidente: a crise ucraniana e a “ameaça russa” nos discursos da OTAN. Historiæ, v. 11, n.2, p. 84–107, 2020.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Fabiano Mielniczuk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
a. Authors retain the copyright and grant the journal the right to first publication, with the work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, which allows its use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, as well as its transformation and creations from it, as long as the original author and source are credited. Also, the material cannot be used for commercial purposes, and if it is transformed, or used as a basis for other creations, these must be distributed under the same license as the original.
b. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
c. Authors are allowed to deposit, in the repositories accepted by Conjuntura Austral, the preprint version of the manuscripts submitted to the journal prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
d. Authors are permitted and encouraged to publish and distribute online (in institutional and /or thematic repositories, on their personal pages, etc.) the postprint version of the manuscripts (accepted and published), without an embargo period.
e. Conjuntura Austral: Journal of the Global South, imbued with the spirit of ensuring the protection of regional academic and scientific production in Open Access, is a signatory to the Mexico Declaration on the use of the Creative Commons BY-NC-SA license to guarantee the protection of academic and scientific production in open access.
