O cristianismo e as reformas liberal-iluministas do Direito Criminal

Autores

  • Heikki Pihlajamäki

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22456/0104-6594.132187

Resumo

Com o Iluminismo, o Direito Criminal moderno aflorou, e sua relação com o cristianismo mudou de maneiras importantes. Os ataques contra o cristianismo e o clero como instituições removeram várias barreiras institucionais que haviam emanado da rígida ideologia cristã. No entanto, a representação tradicional da secularização do Direito Criminal ainda requer revisão. O artigo destaca cinco pontos. Primeiro, reformistas iluministas não inventaram todas as novidades que estão tradicionalmente ligadas aos seus nomes. Segundo, é importante enfatizar que pensadores como Beccaria, Filangieri e Pagano não eram eles mesmos ateístas ou mesmo antirreligiosos. Terceiro, o iluminismo não liberou o Direito Criminal do cristianismo. Em alguns casos a religião podia ainda servir como ideologia de fundo do Direito Criminal. Quarto, vários dos preceitos básicos do Direito Criminal moderno surgiram bem antes, no Direito Canônico medieval. O princípio da culpa individualizável é um bom exemplo. Quinto, na maioria dos países ocidentais, reformistas prisionais ativos estavam frequentemente eles mesmos orientados pela fé cristã. Ao lado do trabalho, a religião era, ainda no século XIX, considerada uma das ferramentas principais para ressocialização e disciplinamento de detentos.

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Publicado

2023-05-10

Como Citar

PIHLAJAMÄKI, H. O cristianismo e as reformas liberal-iluministas do Direito Criminal. Revista da Faculdade de Direito da UFRGS, Porto Alegre, n. 51, p. 3–24, 2023. DOI: 10.22456/0104-6594.132187. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/revfacdir/article/view/132187. Acesso em: 23 abr. 2025.

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