Militarización de la escuela chilena a principios del siglo XX. El modelo alemán Bávaro en tierras Mapuches
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21573/vol35n32019.97567Keywords:
educación militarizada, capuchinos alemanes, niños mapuche, disciplinamiento del cuerpoAbstract
Resumen
Este artículo busca comprender la actuación pedagógica de los misioneros capuchinos bávaros y el disciplinamiento que ejercieron a través de las escuelas misionales e internados de los cuerpos de niños mapuches. La investigación es de carácter exploratoria-descriptiva y analiza fuentes primarias, escritas y visuales, encontradas en archivos en Chile y Alemania. Los resultados del estudio evidencian rasgos militares en ideario formativo capuchino, lo que se evidencia en las vestimentas y modos de disposición del cuerpo a las que fueron obligados a practicar niños mapuches en la primera mitad del siglo XX en la región de la Araucanía en Chile.
Palabras clave: educación militarizada-capuchinos alemanes- niños mapuche- disciplinamiento del cuerpo
Sumário
Este artigo procura investigar a prática pedagógica dos missionários capuchinhos da Baviera e a disciplina que exerceram nos corpos das crianças mapuche, dentro das escolas missionárias e internatos. A pesquisa é exploratória e descritiva e analisa as principais fontes escritas e visuais encontradas em arquivos no Chile e na Alemanha. Os resultados do estudo mostram características militares na ideologia formativa capuchinha, evidenciadas pelas maneiras pelas quais as crianças mapuche foram forçadas a viver na primeira metade do século XX na região de Araucanía, no Chile.
Palavras-chave: educação militarizada-capuchinhos alemães- crianças mapuche- disciplina corporal
Abstract
This article aims to understand the pedagogical performance of the Bavarian Capuchin missionaries and the discipline they exercised of the bodies of Mapuche children through the missionary and school boardings. The research is exploratory-descriptive and analyzes primary sources, written and visual, found in archives in Chile and Germany. The results of the study show military features in a Capuchin formative ideology, which is evidenced in the clothing and body disposition modes to which Mapuche children were forced to practice in the first half of the 20th century in the Araucanía region of Chile.
Keywords: militarized education-German Capuchins- Mapuche children- Body discipline
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