La patrimonialisation du quartier Anglo (Fray bentos, Uruguay) ou la mémoire déplacée
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1984-1191.42331Abstract
L'article porte sur un quartier ouvrier construit au XIX eme siècle aux abords de l'usine Anglo del Uruguay, dans la ville de Fray Bentos. L'ancienne usine et le quartier connaissent, ces dix dernières années, un processus de patrimonialisation ainsi qu'un programme de réaménagement urbain. En mission pour étudier le patrimoine culturel immatériel du quartier, nous constatons que la mémoire des habitants ne correspond pas entièrement à celle qui est portée par les acteurs institutionnels du patrimoine. Le recueil et la comparaison des discours autours du quartier Anglo nous ont mené à prendre pour objet principal l'histoire du quartier après la fermeture de l'usine, et l'expulsion d'une partie de ses habitants. Nous interrogeons alors les deux rapports au passé que sont la construction du patrimoine et la mémoire d'un événement traumatique, ainsi que leurs interactions et leurs enjeux actuels. La réalisation d'une série de photographies nous permet de conclure avec une proposition de réintroduction des habitants dans la mise en récit de leur histoire.
Mot clé: Processus de patrimonialisation, Mémoires, Quartier, Maisons.
A displaced memory : the patrimonialization process of Anglo neighborhood (Fray Bentos, Uruguay)
Abstract
This paper focuses on a factory workers’ neighborhood built in the XIX century, near the Anglo del Uruguay extract of meat factory, in Fray Bentos. For the ten last years, the closed factory and its area have been involved in a patrimonialization process and an urban renovation program. During a fieldwork mission centred on mapping the neighbourhood’s cultural heritage, we observed a difference between the memories of the inhabitants and that of institutional actors. After collecting and comparing local discourses, we decided to focus our work on the neighbourhood’s post-closing history and specifically the episode of the displacing of part of it's inhabitants. Here we examine two different relations with the past : the institutional building of a cultural heritage discourse, and the memory of a traumatic event – the expulsion – by the inhabitants, as well as the way both interact depending on the actors' strategies. Through photographies portrating families and their house, we conclude by stressing the importance of reintroducing the inhabitants’ story and memories in the history of the place.
Keyswords: Patrimonialization process, memories, neighborhood, houses.
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