Effects of a community-based aerobic and resistance training program on cardiometabolic outcomes in older adults

Abstract

Introduction: Combined training (CT) is widely recommended as a non-pharmacological strategy for managing cardiometabolic risk factors. However, few studies employ practical and accessible approaches for prescription in real-world contexts. This study evaluated the effects of a low-cost, easily applicable CT program on blood pressure (BP) and on biochemical profile in previously trained older people with cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods: This was a single-group study with a nine-week CT intervention (three sessions per week), with undulating periodization, structured in three mesocycles, with different distributions of moderate and vigorous sessions. Aerobic training lasted 24 minutes and used the interval method, with intensity prescribed by rate of perceived exertion. Strength training lasted approximately 20 minutes, was prescribed by fixed time of sets, and included five exercises with body weight, elastic bands and dumbbells. BP and biochemical profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, and serum creatinine) were assessed pre- and post-intervention, with significance set at α = 0.05. Results: Twenty-six participants (66.55 ± 7.41 years; 61.54% men) were assessed. No significant changes were observed in BP or biochemical profile throughout the study, except for serum creatinine levels (-0.34 mg/dL; p < 0.001; effect size: -1,18). Conclusions: The proposed CT program was feasible and may help maintain BP and critical biochemical markers in individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors, highlighting its applicability in real-world settings.