Prevalence of Group B Streptococcus colonization and association with risk factors in a High-Risk Prenatal population

Abstract

Introduction: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) colonization among pregnant women is a significant concern due to its potential impact on maternal and neonatal health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Streptococcus agalactiae colonization among pregnant women at a High-Risk Antenatal Service of a Public Health Foundation and analyze associated pregnancy and neonatal events. Methods: This observational, descriptive, retrospective study analyzed 240 laboratory and medical records of a Health Foundation in Esteio/RS, from March 2015 to December 2018, searching for S. agalactiae screening and gestational and neonatal outcomes. Results: Most women were pregnant with a single fetus (97.1%), had no history of abortions (79.2%), were of white ethnicity (79.2%), and had an average age of 28 years. Streptococcus agalactiae colonization prevalence
was 12.9%, with 83.9% receiving appropriate treatment. No association with other serological screenings was observed (cytomegalovirus, hepatitis, HIV, rubella, syphilis, and toxoplasmosis). Conclusions: The observed maternal GBS colonization prevalence aligned with regional rates. Understanding risk factors for GBS infections is crucial for developing prophylactic measures and emphasizing universal screening of pregnant women to prevent adverse outcomes for both mother and neonate.