Identification and Clinical Impact of Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Patients Admitted with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Abstract

Background. Identification and clinical impact of preserved EF (ejection fraction) on in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute decompensated heart failure (HF) remain poorly defined. Methods. Consecutive admissions for decompensated HF, defined by Boston criteria equal to or higher than to 8 points, at a tertiary care hospital in Brazil were included. Preserved systolic function was defined as left ventricular EF ? 50%. Approximately 80 clinical variables based on history, physical examination, laboratory and echocardiographic data were evaluated to identify predictors of preserved EF at admission. Included patients were followed up through hospitalization to discharge or death. Results. Overall, 721 consecutive HF admissions were enrolled (66 ? 13 years, EF = 42 ? 17%, 50% male) and preserved EF was identified in 224 (31%). Patients with acute decompensated HF and preserved EF presented with distinctive clinical characteristics: older age, female gender, non-ischemic etiology, higher prevalence of chronic atrial fibrillation, lower hemoglobin levels, lower pulse pressure and wider QRS complexes. No significant differences were observed on in-hospital mortality according to quintiles of EF, but we observed a trend toward increased clinical complications in patients with higher EF. Conclusions. Preserved EF is a prevalent and morbid condition among hospitalized HF patients.