The devotion of anchoresses: Charisma and body in Italian communes (13th-14th centuries)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1983-201X.119309Keywords:
devotion, penance, urban eremitism, laywomenAbstract
This paper aims to explain how the urban anchoresses of the Late Middle Ages faced the sociopolitical situation of the Communes by elaborating a policy of devotion and charity based on their own bodies. It is expected to demonstrate that self-immolation and ecstasies found political meanings in the Devotio Verberatorum of 1260 and in the millenarian expectations of the Flagellant movements and, therefore, that
this context projected the anchoresses, as women, in the political arena from which they were excluded. By studying the hagiographies, chronicles and Italian confraternal statutes, the paper demonstrates that penitents and anchoresses seriously interfered in the ethical aThis paper aims to explain how the urban anchoresses of the Late Middle Ages faced the sociopolitical situation of the Communes by elaborating a policy of devotion and charity based on their own bodies. It is expected to demonstrate that self-immolation and ecstasies found political meanings in the Devotio Verberatorum of 1260 and in the millenarian expectations of the Flagellant movements and, therefore, that
this context projected the anchoresses, as women, in the political arena from which they were excluded. By studying the hagiographies, chronicles and Italian confraternal statutes, the paper demonstrates that penitents and anchoresses seriously interfered in the ethical and political debates of the Communes through penance, works of mercy and, in the specific case of anchoresses, also through of their spiritual teaching, which projected the female voice on the urban scenend political debates of the Communes through penance, works of mercy and, in the specific case of anchoresses, also through of their spiritual teaching, which projected the female voice on the urban scene
Downloads
References
BOUCHERON, Patrick. “Jacques Dalarun : et Dieu créa la dévote...L’Historien publie une magistrale étude sur la féminisation du christianisme occidental au Moyen Âge”. Le Monde. Publié le 05 juin 2008.
Disponível: https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2008/06/05/jacques-dalarun-et-dieu-crea-la-devote_1053974_3260.html
BROLIS, Maria Teresa. “A Thousand and More Women: The Register of Women for the Confraternity of Misericordia Maggiore in Bergamo, 1265-1339”. The Catholic Historical Review, vol. 88, n. 2, 2002, p. 230-246.
CAILLÉ, Alain. “O político-religioso. Dezessete (e mais uma) teses embrionárias escritas em um espírito de tópica sociológica”. Sociofilo (Rio de Janeiro), vol. 5, 2014, p. 300-307.
CASAGRANDE, Giovanna. “Confraternities and Lay Female religiosity in Late Medieval and Renaissance Umbria”. In: TERPSTRA, Nicholas (org.). The Politics of Ritual Kinship. Confraternities and Social Order in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 48-66.
CHITTOLINI, Giorgio. “Civic Religion and the Countryside in Late Medieval Italy”. In : DEAN, Trevor e WICKHAM, Chris (org.). City and Countryside in Late Medieval and Renaissance Italy : Essay Presented to Philip Jones. Londres : The Hambledon Press, 1990, p. 69-80.
CAPPELLETTI, Ermanno. “Alcuni Statuti di Disciplinati (Confraternita dei SS. Simone e Taddeo di Firenze e di S. Croce di Borgo San Sepolcro)”. Italianistica: Rivista di letteratura italiana, vol. 21, n. 2/3, 1992, p. 441-457.
COSMACINI, Giorgio. Compassione. Le opere di misericordia ieri e oggi. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2012.
DALARUN, Jacques. “Jeanne de Signa, ermite toscane du XIVe siècle, ou la sainteté ordinaire”. Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome, vol. 98-1, 1986, p. 161-199.
__________. “Argument e silentio. Les femmes et la religion”. Clio. Histoire, femmes et sociétés, vol. 8, 1998 [versão eletrônica openedition disponível em : http://journals.openedition.org/clio/315].
__________. « Dieu changea de sexe, pour ainsi dire » : La Religion faite femme, XIe-XVe siècle. Paris: Fayard, 2008.
DAMERON, George W. Florence and Its Church in the Age of Dante. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
DA SILVA, Carolina Gual. Solver o débito divino: dízimos, jurisdições e espaços de autoridade (séculos XII-XIII). Tese de Doutorado em História. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2016.
ELLIOT, Dyan. Spiritual Marriage : sexual abstinence in Medieval Wedlock. Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1993.
ESPOSITO, Anna. “Donne e confraternite”. In: GAZZINI, Marina (org.). Studi confraternali: orientamenti, problemi, testimonianze. Florença: Firenze University Press, 2009, p. 53-78.
GUERRA MEDICI, Maria Teresa. “‘City Air’. Women in the medieval city”. In: CASAGRANDE, Giovanna (org.). Donne tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna in Italia. Ricerche. Perugia: Morlacchi, 2004, p. 23-52.
HONESS, Claire. From Florence to the Heavenly City. The Poetry of Citizenship in Dante. Londres: Legenda, 2006.
LE GOFF, Jacques. “Clérigo/leigo”. In: Enciclopédia Einaudi. Tradução portuguesa. Lisboa: Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda, 1987, p. 370-390.
LITTLE, Lester K. Libertà Carità Fraternità. Confraternite a Bergamo nell’età del Comune. Bergamo: Pierluigi Lubrina Editore, 1988.
MACKIN, Zane D. R. Dante Praedicator. Sermons and Preaching Culture in the Commedia. Nova Iorque: Columbia University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences [Tese Doutoral], 2013 (331p.).
NAUMANN, Pamela. “La Repubblica vi sono tutti”: O Batistério de Pádua como expressão visual da Religião das Comunas durante a Signoria dos Carraresi. Dissertação de Mestrado em História. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História), 2016.
RAVA, Eleonora. “Eremite in città. Il fenomeno della reclusione urbana femminile nell’età comunale: il caso di Pisa”. Revue Mabillon, vol. 21, 2010, p. 139-162.
RIBEIRO, Felipe Augusto. Uma História socioeconômica da Igreja: ineclesiamentos, reformas e paroquializações na Itália, a partir do caso de Orvieto (1029-1157). Tese de Doutorado em História. Belo Horizonte: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Programa de Pós-Graduação em História), 2019.
SALVARANI, Renata. “Liturgia e partecipazione nei riti del Battesimo tra X e XII secolo. I “casi” del fonte di Chiavenna e della vasca di Fidenza”. In: L. Girardi (org.). Liturgia e partecipazione. Forme del coinvolgimento rituale. Padova: Edizioni Messaggero, 2013, p. 39-58.
SCHMITT, Jean-Claude. “Clérigos e leigos”. In: LE GOFF, J.; SCHMITT, J.-C. (org.) Dicionário Temático do Ocidente Medieval. São Paulo: EDUSC, 2006, vol. 1, p. 237-251.
SENSI, Mario. “Anchorites in the Italian tradition”. In: McAVOY, Liz Herbert (org.). Anchoritic Traditions of Medieval Europe. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2010, p. 62-90.
SKINNER, Quentin. As Fundações do Pensamento Político Moderno. Trad.: Renato Janine Ribeiro e Laura Teixeira Motta. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 1996.
TERPSTRA, Nicholas. “Introduction The Politics of ritual kinship”. In: TERPSTRA, Nicholas (org.). The Politics of Ritual Kinship. Confraternities and Social Order in Early Modern Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000, p. 1-8.
___________. Cultures of Charity. Women, Politics, and Reform of Poor Relief in Renaissance Italy. Cambridge/MA: Harvard University Press, 2013.
TILATTI, Andrea. Benvenuta Boiani. Teoria e storia della vita religiosa femminile nella Cividale del secondo Duecento. Trieste: Edizioni LINT, 1994.
TODESCHINI, Giacomo. “Morale economica ed esclusione sociale nelle città di mercato europee alla fine del Medioevo (XIII-XV secolo)”. In: SABATE, Flocel (org.). El mercat: un mondo de contactes i intercanvis. The market: a world of contacts and exchanges. Lleida: Universitat de Lleida, 2013, p. 43-56.
THOMPSON, Augustine. Cities of God: The Religion of the Italian Communes, 1125-1325. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
VAUCHEZ, André. Les Laïcs au Moyen Âge. Pratiques et expériences religieuses. Paris: Éditions du CERF, 1987.
__________. “Introduction”. In: Religion civique à l’époque médiévale et moderne (Chrétienté et Islam). Actes du colloque organisé par le Centre de recherche “Histoire sociale et culturelle de l’Occident. XIIe.-XVIIIe. siècle” de l’Université de Paris X-Nanterre et l’Institut universitaire de France. Roma: École Française de Rome, 1995, p. 1-5.
VIROLI, Maurizio. As If God Existed. Religion and Liberty in the History of Italy. Translated by Alberto Nones. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2012.
WITT, Ronald G. The Two Latin Cultures and the Foundation of Renaissance Humanism in Medieval Italy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
