Dune system evolution in the Rissani region (Morocco) using GIS and spatial data
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.152984Palabras clave:
evolution, sand dunes, Tafilalet, Rissani, sand encroachment, MoroccoResumen
Dunes are accumulations of sand deposited by the wind. They are dynamic formations, characterized by shape variability and mobility. Their evolution depends on interactions among the sand dune system and several control variables, including sand supply, wind regime, topography, vegetation, and human activity. In the desert plain of Tafilalet, sand dunes form a key geomorphological feature that reflects significant environmental changes. This study aims to monitor and quantify the development of the sand dune system in the Tafilalet–Rissani plain (southeastern Morocco) and to identify the main factors influencing this process. The analysis is based on aerial photographs (1966), multispectral Landsat satellite images (1987 and 2001), and high-resolution Google Earth imagery (2023), from which land cover classifications were produced. Cartographic data were complemented by meteorological information on wind and precipitation. The results of the spatiotemporal analysis indicate that the Tafilalet–Rissani plain is affected by sand influx in the form of barchan chains on its western side and linear sand dunes (sifs) to the east of Rissani. During the period 1966–1987, the results obtained showed an increase of 616.6 ha, equivalent to 29.4 ha/year, in the Tinghras-Ouattara site and 333.7 ha (15.9 ha/year) at the Tizouint-Essifa site. During the period 2001-2023, an increasing trend of 4.8 ha/year was observed at the Tinghras-Ouattara site. For the Tizouint-Essifa site, a regression of 8.4 ha/year was observed. The decrease in the progression of the sand encroachment is due to human intervention. This study provides a solid foundation for planners and decision-makers to develop appropriate management strategies to address sand encroachment in Moroccan desert regions.
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