The Impact of Diagenetic Processes on the Quality of Carbonate Reservoirs in the Quissamã Formation (Albian), Tubarão Azul Field, Campos Basin, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.137240Keywords:
Diagenesis; Carbonates; PetrographyAbstract
Albian carbonate reservoirs of the Quissamã Formation have been an important target for oil exploration and production in the Campos Basin for several decades. The variety of depositional facies and the influence of diagenesis in reducing porosity and permeability create great challenges for the exploration and production of these reservoirs. The objective of this study is to identify the main depositional and diagenetic factors that control the porosity and permeability of Albian carbonates in 3-OGX-61-RJS well located in the Tubarão Azul area, southern Campos Basin, through a faciological, petrology and petrophysical integrated analysis. Observed lithofacies include oolitic, oncolitic and peloidal calcarenites, oncolitic and peloidal calcirudites, and hybrid arenites, deposited in a shallow carbonate ramp. The depositional facies were grouped into two facies associations: a high-energy proximal carbonate ramp composed of hybrid sandstones, oncolitic and oolitic calcarenites, and oncolitic calcirudites, and a moderate-energy intermediate carbonate ramp composed of peloidal and oncolitic calcarenites with peloids. The depositional facies were grouped into two facies associations: a high-energy proximal carbonate ramp composed of hybrid arenites, oncolitic and oolitic calcarenites and oncolitic calcirudites, and a moderate-energy intermediate carbonate ramp composed of peloidal and oncolitic calcarenites with peloids. Nine reservoir petrofacies were defined based on the main primary and diagenetic aspects of impact on porosity and permeability. The main observed diagenetic processes were cementation by calcite, replacement by blocky dolomite and pyrite, kaolinite precipitation, mechanical and chemical compaction, including stylolitization, and eodiagenetic and mesodiagenetic dissolution. Early partial cementation by calcite rims and syntaxial growths helped preserve the primary porosity of oolitic and oncolitic calcarenites from the effects of compaction. Interparticle porosity was completely obliterated where eodiagenetic cementation was very intense. Hybrid arenites with little or no early cementation show porosity and permeability extremely reduced by the effects of compaction. These fundamental processes acted directly to control the porosity and permeability of the studied rocks.
Downloads
References
Amarante, F.B.; Jackson, C.A.; Pichel, L.M.; Scherer, C.M.S.; Kuchle, J. 2021. Pre‐salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil. Basin Research, 33(5): 2837-2861. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12588 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.12588
ANP - Agência Nacional do Petróleo 2024. Boletim da produção de petróleo e gás natural. https://www.gov.br/anp/pt-br/centrais-de-conteudo/publicacoes/boletinsanp/boletins/arquivos-bmppgn/2024/boletim-setembro.pdf
Armelenti, G.; Goldberg, K.; Alvarenga, R.; Kuchle, J.; Amarante, F.B.; Scherer, C.M.S.; Bastos, A.C; Conceição, J.C.; Alves J.L.D.; De Ros, L.F. 2021. Depositional and diagenetic impacts on the porosity of post-salt carbonate reservoirs of southern Campos Basin, southeastern Brazilian margin. Journal of South American Earth Sciences 112(1): 103566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103566 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103566
Azevedo, R. L. M. 2004. Paleoceanografia e a evolução do Atlântico Sul no Albiano. Boletim de Geociências da Petrobras, v. 12, p. 231-249.
Berner, R.A. 1984. Sedimentary pyrite formation: An update. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 48(4): 605-615. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90089-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(84)90089-9
Bliefnick, D.M. & Kaldi, J.G. 1996. Pore Geometry: Control on Reservoir Properties, Walker Creek Field, Columbia and Lafayette Counties, Arkansas. AAPG Bulletin 80(7): 1027-1044. https://doi.org/10.1306/64ED8C82-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/64ED8C82-1724-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Bramkamp, R.A. & Powers, R.W. 1958. Classification of Arabian carbonate rocks. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America 69(10): 1305-1308. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[1305:COACR]2.0.CO;2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1958)69[1305:COACR]2.0.CO;2
Bruhn, C.H.L.; Gomes, J.A.T.; Lucchese, C.D.; Johann, P.R.S. 2003. Campos Basin: reservoir characterization and management - Historical overview and future challenges. Paper OTC 15220 presented at the Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, Texas 14 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4043/15220-MS
Carozzi, A.V.; Falkenhein, F.U.H., Franke, M.R. 1983. Depositional environment, diagenesis and reservoir properties of oncolitic packstones, Macaé Formation (Albian-Cenomanian), Campos Basin, offshore Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In: Peryt, T. M. (Eds.), Coated Grains. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, p. 330-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0_28 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-68869-0_28
Carvalho, M.D. 2002. Stratigraphic control on facies, diagenesis and porosity development of dolomitized oolitic-oncolitic ramp sequence in Macaé Formation, Campos Basin, Brazil. 16th International Sedimentological Congress, Abstracts Volume (2002), p. 63.
Choquette, P.W. & Pray, L.C. 1970. Geologic nomenclature and classification of porosity in sedimentary carbonates. AAPG Bulletin 54(2): 207-250. https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25C98B-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/5D25C98B-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
De Ros, L.F. & Goldberg, K. 2007. Reservoir petrofacies: a tool for quality characterization and prediction. In: AAPG Annual Conference and Exhibition, 1-4 April, Long Beach, USA, Extended Abstracts, 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1071/ASEG2007ab045
De Ros, L.F.; Goldberg, K.; Abel, M.; Victorinetti, F.; Mastella, L.; Castro, E. 2007. Advanced acquisition and management of petrographic information from reservoir rocks using the PETROLEDGE® System. In: AAPG Annual Conference and Exhibition, 1-4 April, Long Beach, USA, Extended Abstracts, 6.
Dickson, J. A. 1965 Modified Staining Technique for Carbonates in Thin Section. Nature 205, 587. https://doi.org/10.1038/205587a0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/205587a0
Dias, J.L.; Scarton, J.C.; Esteves, F.R.; Carminatti, M.; Guardado, L.R. 1990. Aspectos da evolução tectono-sedimentar e a ocorrência de hidrocarbonetos na Bacia de Campos. In: Gabaglia, G.P.R., Milani, E.J. (Eds.), Origem e evolução de bacias sedimentares. Petrobras, p. 333-360.
Falkenhein, F.U.H.; Franke, M.R.; Carozzi, A.V. 1981. Petroleum Geology of the Macaé Formation (Albian-Cenomanian), Campos Basin, Brazil (Carbonate Microfacies, Depositional and Diagenetic Models-natural and Experimental Porosity). Ciência, Tecnologia e Pertróleo 11, 140 pp.
Favoreto, J.; Rohn, R.; Lykawa, R.; Okubo, J. 2016. Caracterização sedimentológica dos carbonatos Albianos do reservatório Quissamã na porção meridional da Bacia de Campos. Revista Brasileira de Geociências 35(1): 1-15. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/172816
Figueiredo, A.M.F. & Mohriak, W.U. 1984. A tectônica salífera e as acumulações de petróleo da Bacia de Campos. in: XXXIII CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE GEOLOGIA, 1984, SBG, p.1380-1394
Giles, M.R. & Marshall, J.D. 1986. Constraints on the development of secondary porosity in the subsurface: re-evaluation of processes. Marine Petroleum Geology 3(3): 243-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(86)90048-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(86)90048-6
Giles, M.R. & De Boer, R.B. 1989. Secondary porosity: creation of enhanced porosities in the subsurface from the dissolution of carbonate cements as a result of cooling formation waters. Marine and Petroleum Geology 6(3): 261-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(89)90005-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(89)90005-6
Grabau, A.W. 1904. On the classification of sedimentary rocks. American Petroleum Geologists AAPG, 33: 228-247.
Guardado, L.R.; Gamboa, L.A.P.; Lucchesi, C.F. 1989. Petroleum Geology of the Campos Basin, a Model for a Producing Atlantic-Type Basin. In: Edwards J.D. & P.A. Santogrossi (Eds.), Divergent/Passive Margin Basins: AAPG Memoir 48, p.3-79. https://doi.org/10.1306/M48508C1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/M48508C1
Heasley, E.C.; Worden, R.H.; Hendry, J.P. 2000. Cement distribution in a carbonate reservoir: recognition of a palaeo oil water contact and its relationship to reservoir quality in the Humbly Grove field, onshore, UK. Marine and Petroleum Geology 17(5): 639-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00057-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0264-8172(99)00057-4
Hunt, J.M. 1996. Petroleum geochemistry and geology. New York: Freeman and Co 743p.
Longman, M.W. 1980. Carbonate Diagenetic Textures from Nearsurface Diagenetic Environments. AAPG Bulletin 64(4): 461-487. https://doi.org/10.1306/2F918A63-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/2F918A63-16CE-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Machel, H. G.2001 Bacterial and thermochemical sulfate reduction in diagenetic settings. Sedimentary Geology, 140: 143-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00176-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00176-7
Machel, H.G. 2004.Concepts and models of dolomitization: a critical reappraisal. In: Braithwaite, C.J.R., Rizzl, G. & Darke, G. (Eds.), The Geometry and Petrogenesis of Dolomite Hydrocarbon Reservoirs. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 235, p. 7-63. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.235.01.02 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2004.235.01.02
Mazzulo, S.J. & Harris, P.M. 1991. An overview of dissolution porosity development in the deep-burial environment, with examples from carbonate reservoirs in the Permian basin. In: Candellaria, M.P. (Ed.), Permian Basin Plays: Tomorrow`s Techonology Today. West Texas Geological Society Publication, p. 125-138.
Moore, C.H. & Wade, W.J. 2013. Carbonate Reservoirs: Porosity and Diagenesis in a Sequence Stratigraphic Framework. Amsterdam, Elsevier, 392 p.
Morad, D.; Nader, F.H.; Gasparrini, M.; Morad, S.; Rossi, C.; Marchionda, E.; Al Darmaki, F.; Martines, M.; Hellevang, H. 2018. Comparison of the diagenetic and reservoir quality evolution between the anticline crest and flank of an Upper Jurassic carbonate gas reservoir, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Sedimentary Geology, 367: 96-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.02.008
Okubo, J, Lykawka, R., Warren, L.V., Favoreto, J., Dias-Brito, D. 2015. Depositional, diagenetic and stratigraphic aspects of Macaé Group carbonates (Albian): Example from an oilfield from Campos Basin. Brazilian Journal of Geology, 45, 243-258. https://doi.org/10.1590/23174889201500020005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/23174889201500020005
Paganoni, M.; Harthi, A.A.; Morad, D.; Morad, S.; Ceriani, A.; Mansurbeg, H.; Suwaidi, A.A.; Al-Aasm, I.S.; Ehrenberg, S.N.; Sirat, M. 2016. Impact of stylolitization on diagenesis of a Lower Cretaceous carbonate reservoir from a giant oilfield, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Sedimentary Geology 335: 70-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.02.004
Rankey E.C.; Riegl B.; Steffen K. 2006. Form, function and feedbacks in a tidally dominated ooid shoal, Bahamas. Sedimentology 53: 1191-1210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2016.02.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2006.00807.x
Robaina, L.E.S.; Formoso, M.L.L.; Spadini A.R. 1993. Geoquímica dos reservatórios carbonáticos da Formação Macaé (Eo-meso- Albiano) nos campos de Pampo e Enchova, Bacia de Campos, Brasil. Boletim de Geociências da Petrobras 7: 103-133.
Sellwood, B.W. & Beckett, D. 1991. Ooid microfabrics: the origin and distribution of high intra-ooid porosity; Mid Jurassic reservoirs, southern England. Sedimentary. Geology 71(3–4): 189-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(91)90101-I DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(91)90101-I
Spadini, A.R. 1992. Processos deposicionais e ciclicidade em carbonatos albianos da plataforma rasa da Bacia de Campos. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 143p. Dissertação de Mestrado
Spadini, A.R.; Esteves, F.R.; Dias-Brito, D.; Azevedo, R.L.M.; Rodrigues, R. 1988. The Macaé Formation, Campos Basin, Brazil: Its evolution in the context of the initial history of the South Atlantic: Revista Brasileira de Geociências 18: 261-272. DOI: https://doi.org/10.25249/0375-7536.1988261272
Spötl, C. & Pitman, J. 1998. Saddle (baroque) dolomite in carbonates and sandstones: a reappraisal of a burial‐diagenetic concept. In: S. Morad (Ed.), Carbonate Cementation in Sandstones: Distribution Patterns and Geochemical Evolution. IAS Special Publication 26, p. 437-460. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304893.ch19
Tucker, M.E. 1988. Techniques in Sedimentology. Oxford, Blackwell Scientific Publication, 391p.
Tucker, M.E. & Wright, V.P. 1990. Carbonate Sedimentology. England, Oxford, Blackwell Science, 492 p. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444314175
Winter, W.R.; Jahnert, R.J.; França, A.B. 2007. Bacia de Campos. Boletim de Geociências da Petrobras 15: 511-529.
Worden, R.H. & Morad, S. 2003. Clay minerals in sandstones: Controls on formation, distribution and evolution. In: Warden, R.H.; Morad, S. (Eds.), Clay Mineral Cements in Sandstones: Oxford, International Association of Sedimentologists 34: 3-41. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304336.ch1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304336.ch1
Zuffa, G.G. 1980. Hybrid arenites. Their composition and classification. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 50: 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1306/212f7950-2b24-11d7-8648000102c1865d DOI: https://doi.org/10.1306/212F7950-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
