Mineralogy and geochemistry of immature lateritic crusts discriminating granitoids and Cr-Ni-bearings ultramafic rocks in southeastern Carajás
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.113794Palavras-chave:
Hematite, goethite, chromium, nickel, rare earth elements, granodioritesResumo
Lateritic formations with iron crusts are very frequent in the Amazon region (Brazil). They, in addition to their great importance in containing a large part of the most voluminous ores (iron, manganese, bauxite and kaolin), may be valuable proxies for paleoclimatic reconstitution. In the Carajás region, the oldest lateritic formations are well represented on the high surface (plateaus) and the youngest on the low landscape. The latter have practically not yet been investigated, unlike those of the plateaus, and, considering their paleoenvironmental importance, we carried out a chemical-mineral characterization and geochemical discussion of these crusts (massive, nodular and with lithorelics) sampled in the geological domains of Canaã and Rio Maria. They were analyzed by optical microscopy, XRD, SEM/EDS and whole chemistry. The main minerals are hematite, goethite, kaolinite, quartz, chromite, and possibly anatase. SiO2, Fe2O3 and Al2O3 are the main chemical constituents. These data, along with the trace and rare earth element concentrations and associations, allowed us to conclude that the crusts were derived from both granitoids and mafic-ultramafic rocks (high Cr-Ni). The textures and domains of goethite in these crusts can correlate them to the immature lateritic profiles of the Amazon, which formed during the Miocene-Pliocene and partially weathered in the Pleistocene under a hot and humid climate. Since these crusts occupy the Carajás plateaus developed over mature lateritic crusts, they have been formed after the partial denudation of this high land, which exposed the rocky and saprolite under a dry to subarid climate, and then a hot and humid climate was established in that area, promoting the immature lateritic formation, in which the crusts represent its upper portion.
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