Craniomandibular Osteopathy in Mixed Breed Dogs

Authors

  • Taina dos Santos Alberti Departamento de Patologia Animal & Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem e Cardiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-8143
  • Carolina Buss Brunner Departamento de Patologia Animal & Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem e Cardiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5484-2751
  • Fabiano da Rosa Venâncio Departamento de Patologia Animal & Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem e Cardiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-9360
  • Thaís Cozza dos Santos Departamento de Patologia Animal & Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem e Cardiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2049-1463
  • Leonardo Schuler Faccini Departamento de Patologia Animal & Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem e Cardiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7949-2604
  • Jéssica Line Farias Departamento de Patologia Animal & Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem e Cardiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0680-327X
  • Josiane Bonel Departamento de Patologia Animal & Departamento de Diagnóstico por Imagem e Cardiologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5704-730X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.110999

Abstract

BackgroundCraniomandibular osteopathy (CMO) is a degenerative, osteopetrotic, and self-limiting bone disease that is rare in the canine species. The most affected bones and joints are the branches of the mandible, tympanic bulla, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) with generalized thickening of the bone trabeculae, increased lines of bone cementation, and bone proliferation. The aim of the present study was to evaluate 2 cases of CMO in mixed-breed dogs belonging to the same litter sent to the Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LRD / FV / UFPel).

CasesThree canines (mixed-breed, 2 female and 1 male) belonging to the same litter presented at eight months of age with increases in volume and pain in the face, difficulties in moving the jaw, anorexia, and sialorrhea. The 2 female dogs were euthanized and sent to LRD / FV / UFPel for necropsy. The animals underwent radiography of the left and right lateral and dorsoventral lateral projections in the imaging sector of the Hospital de Clínicas Veterinária (HCV) at UFPel. During the necropsy, fragments of organs from the abdominal and thoracic cavities, as well as the central nervous system and head bones, were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. The tissue samples were cleaved, processed routinely, embedded in paraffin, cut into sections of 3 µm thickness, and stained using hematoxylin and eosin (HE). The bone fragments were decalcified in a 50/50 solution of 8% hydrochloric acid and 8% formic acid and subsequently cleaved and stained with HE. The head and jaw of one of the animals was dissected and subjected to maceration in water at room temperature. Radiographic examination of the two remaining animals showed irregular and exuberant bone proliferation in the mandible and temporomandibular region. In the tympanic bullae, occipital bone, and zygomatic process, thickening of the structures was observed with increased opacity. On necropsy, the animals were cachectic with marked muscle atrophy and increased volume of the mandibular branches and head bones, in addition to marked edema in the adjacent subcutaneous tissue. The regional lymph nodes were enlarged, and in one of the animals, bilateral lesions in the femurs were also observed. In the head subjected to biological maceration, areas of bone proliferation and rarefaction were observed, with increased volume and destruction of the TMJ. On histopathological evaluation of the ventral portion of the mandibular bodies, a network of bony trabeculae was observed, composed of a chondroid matrix with different degrees of mineralization. The cortical portion of the bones exhibited loss of lamellar compactness, with greater spread of the bone trabeculae. The bone trabeculae were perpendicular to the long axis of the cortical of the mandible and were distributed in the medullary spaces, presenting some dense foci of inflammatory infiltrates composed predominantly of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells.

DiscussionThe breeds most predisposed to developing CMO are the West Highland White Terrier and Scottish Terrier; however, the disease has also been described in other non-Terriers. Nevertheless, there are no descriptions in the literature of mixed-breed animals (SRD), with this report being the first of CMO in SRD dogs. The bones most frequently affected in CMO are those of the head. In Terrier dogs, the TMJ is also affected. In the cases of this study, severe CMO occurred, affecting both the head bones and TMJ, and in 1 of the animals, it also affected the femurs. Although CMO has not previously been reported in SRD dogs, the condition can seriously affect these animals, and differential diagnosis should always be made.

Keywords: degenerative bone disease, bone proliferation, lion jaw, TMJ.

Título: Osteopatia craniomandibular em cães sem raça definida

Descritores: doença óssea degenerativa, proliferação óssea, mandíbula de leão, ATM.

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Published

2021-01-01

How to Cite

Alberti, T. dos S., Brunner, C. B., Venâncio, F. da R., dos Santos, T. C., Faccini, L. S., Farias, J. L., & Bonel, J. (2021). Craniomandibular Osteopathy in Mixed Breed Dogs. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 49. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.110999

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