TY - JOUR AU - Batista, Samara Tereza Moraes AU - Carneiro, Rosileide Santos AU - Souto, Erick Platini Ferreira AU - de Oliveira, Artéfio Martins AU - Dantas, Antônio Flávio Medeiros AU - de Souza, Almir Pereira AU - de Toledo, Gabriela Noronha PY - 2022/02/12 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Primary Kidney Lymphoma in a Dog JF - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae JA - Acta Scientiae Vet. VL - 50 IS - 0 SE - DO - 10.22456/1679-9216.112603 UR - https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ActaScientiaeVeterinariae/article/view/112603 SP - AB - <p class="Standard"><em><strong><span class="TextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">Background</span><span class="TextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none">:</span></strong></em><span class="TextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none"> </span><span class="TextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">Lymphoma is a</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> malignant</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> lymphoid tumor originating in the lymph nodes or other solid </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">organs</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> and</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> comprises 90% of all hematopoietic tumors in dogs. However, primary renal lymphoma is rare and is associated with nonspecific clinical signs. Tumor invasion in both kidneys can cause severe clinical signs due to renal failure, complicating the patient's treatment and prognosis. The aim of this case was to report the case of a dog affected by bilateral primary renal lymphoma. In addition, to characterize the clinical and histopathological presentation due to the intense morphological changes</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW158683406 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}"> </span></p><p class="Corpo"><em><strong><span class="TextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none">Case</span><span class="TextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none">:</span></strong></em><span class="TextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo"><em><strong> </strong></em> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">A </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">5-year-old male Poodle canine was admitted showing apathy and emesis for 5 days. On physical examination, the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">dog showed </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">10% of dehydration, reddish oral mucous membranes, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">poor </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">body </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">condition (</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">score</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">1/5), uremic breath</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">, and pain </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">in the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">kidney area</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">. Complementary tests revealed severe </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">low white blood cells count,</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo"> high BUN levels, high levels of potassium, calcium, and phosphorus (serum biochemistry). </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">A</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">bdominal ultrasound showed bilateral</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo"> kidney enlargement</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">. Fine needle aspiration of the mass </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">(</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">guided by ultrasound</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">) </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">revealed round cell tumor. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">R</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">adiograph</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">s showed no alterations</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">. The dog died due to his poor condition and necropsy was performed. On post-mortem examination, the kidneys were both enlarged, pale, and with an irregular subcapsular surface. The histopathological diagnostic was </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">primary renal lymphoma. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that neoplastic cells were strongly positive for anti CD20 and PAX5, while negative for CD3, supporting the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Corpo">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW112235171 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559731&quot;:540,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}"> </span></p><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW43606528 BCX0"><p class="Paragraph SCXW43606528 BCX0"><em><strong><span class="TextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">Discussion</span><span class="TextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto">:</span></strong></em><span class="TextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">The diagnosis was based on clinical, complementary tests, fine needle aspiration, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. In dogs, primary kidney tumors are uncommon and usually malignant. The presence of vomiting, uremic breath, dehydration, weight loss, and erosive and ulcerative lesions on the tongue (uremic glossitis) are clinical signs of chronic renal failure, and this condition was later confirmed by laboratory tests and histopathological findings. Dogs diagnosed with extra-nodal renal lymphoma, present clinical signs such as polydipsia, polyuria, vomiting, and uremic breath in some cases. These changes are compatible with changes observed in cases of renal failure. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">In this case, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">the severe azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperkalemia were due to the neoplastic infiltration in </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">both</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> kidneys. Additionally, the abdominal ultrasound revealed </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">the tumor in both kidneys</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">. Almost 38% of dogs with renal lymphoma presented in urine evaluation normal urine density and a large amount of protein in the urine, similar to those observed in this dog.</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> W</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">hen the lesions are on both kidneys, kidney failure develops and uremic extra-renal lesions appear, as observed in this case. The prevalence of primary kidney tumors in domestic animals corresponds to less than 1% of the total of the tumors reported, and they are usually in one kidney. In dogs, almost 60 - 70% of lymphomas are B cells, 30 - 40% are T cells, and less than 1% are null cells. B-cell lymphomas usually show less aggressive behavior when compared to T-cell lymphomas. Kidney lymphoma can be included as an important cause of kidney failure, and has slow and progressive development, making early diagnosis and treatment difficult.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}"> </span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW43606528 BCX0"><p class="Paragraph SCXW43606528 BCX0"><span class="TextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none"><strong>Keywords:</strong> </span><span class="TextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">d</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">og disease, lymphoproliferative disorder, renal neoplasm, uremia</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}"> </span></p><p class="Paragraph SCXW43606528 BCX0"><span class="EOP SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}"><strong>Título:</strong> Linfoma renal primário em cão<br /></span></p></div><div class="OutlineElement Ltr SCXW43606528 BCX0"><p class="Paragraph SCXW43606528 BCX0"><strong><span class="TextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" lang="PT-BR" xml:lang="PT-BR" data-contrast="none">Descritores:</span></strong><span class="TextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" lang="PT-BR" xml:lang="PT-BR" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard"> </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">d</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">oença de cão, distúrbio </span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2 SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">linfoproliferativo</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-parastyle="Standard">, neoplasma renal, uremia.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW43606528 BCX0" data-ccp-props="{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335551550&quot;:6,&quot;335551620&quot;:6,&quot;335559739&quot;:200,&quot;335559740&quot;:480}"> </span></p></div> ER -