TY - JOUR AU - Ferreira, Társsila Mara Vieira AU - Oliveira, Alexandre Tavares Camelo AU - de Carvalho, Victor Machado AU - Pinheiro, Ana Débora Nunes AU - de Carvalho Sombra, Thaíse Cristine Ferreira AU - Ferreira, Tiago Cunha AU - de Freitas, José Cláudio Carneiro AU - Nunes-Pinheiro, Diana Célia Sousa PY - 2021/01/01 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - Leukocytes and Albumin in Canine Leishmaniasis JF - Acta Scientiae Veterinariae JA - Acta Scientiae Vet. VL - 49 IS - 0 SE - DO - 10.22456/1679-9216.111869 UR - https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ActaScientiaeVeterinariae/article/view/111869 SP - AB - <p class="Normal tm5"><strong><em><span class="tm7">Background</span></em><span class="tm8">:</span></strong><span class="tm6"> Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) is a multisystemic and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by nonspecific clinical manifestations. In CanL, inflammatory cells and chemical mediators released in response to the parasite play a role in disease development and progression. Alterations on hematological parameters have been documented in CanL. These changes can also be assessed in relation to systemic inflammation caused by this disease. T</span><span class="tm9">he circulating leukocyte counting, such as neutrophils, as well as the albumin level, are considered direct indicators of an inflammatory host environment. Several studies point to the use of biomarkers on the assistance in diagnosis and prognosis of several canine pathologies. </span><span class="tm6">The present study investigated the Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR), Albumin to Globulin Ratio (AGR), and Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) on systemic inflammatory response induced by Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL)</span><span class="tm9">.</span></p><p class="Normal tm5"><strong><em><span class="tm7">Materials, Methods &amp; Results</span></em><span class="tm8">:</span></strong><span class="tm6"> For this purpose, adult dogs with confirmed diagnosis to CanL were divided into symptomatic (SD, n = 33) and asymptomatic (AD, n = 20) dogs for </span><em><span class="tm10">L. infantum</span></em><span class="tm6"> and control dogs (CD, n = 20). Routine hematological and biochemical parameters were determined in blood samples using a veterinary automatic hematology and biochemical analyzers. Asymptomatic dogs (AD) had a higher number of white blood cells and neutrophils (16.48 </span><span class="tm6">± 4.93</span><span class="tm6">; 13</span><span class="tm6">.41 ± 3.60, respectively</span><span class="tm6">) in relation to symptomatic dogs (SD) (13.54 </span><span class="tm6">± 5.13; 10.42</span><span class="tm6">± 3.69, respectively) (</span><em><span class="tm10">P</span></em><span class="tm6"> = 0.015 and </span><em><span class="tm10">P</span></em><span class="tm6"> &lt; 0.0001, respectively)</span><span class="tm6">. Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) was higher in dogs with leishmaniasis (9.45</span><span class="tm6"> ± 3.76</span><span class="tm6">) than in healthy dogs (3.39</span><span class="tm11"> ± 1.19</span><span class="tm6">) (</span><em><span class="tm10">P </span></em><span class="tm6">&lt; 0.0001). Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins increased in CanL, while albumin and AGR decreased in CanL, when compared to CD and references values to canine species. Neutrophils to Albumin Ratio (NAR) was higher in AD and SD (5</span><span class="tm6">.02 ± 1.14; 4.79 ± 1.07</span><span class="tm6">,</span><span class="tm6"> respectively)</span><span class="tm6"> when compared to CD (</span><span class="tm6">2.36 ± 0.55) </span><span class="tm6">(</span><em><span class="tm10">P</span></em><span class="tm6"> &lt; 0.0001). </span></p><p class="Normal tm5"><strong><em><span class="tm7">Discussion</span></em><span class="tm8">:</span></strong><span class="tm6"> As reported in scientific researches, dogs with Leishmaniasis present alterations in circulating cell counts. Based on these data, we decided to expand this information using the NLR as a parameter in an attempt to better clarify the changes in these cells in CanL. We observed that NLR was increased on CanL in relation to healthy dogs, which could be a consequence of relative neutrophilia rather than lymphopenia. Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is a biomarker that conveys information about inflammatory conditions. An elevated NLR can reflect an upregulated innate immune response, since neutrophils</span><span class="tm6"> are effector cells of innate immunity and are involved in several acute and chronic inflammatory processes. </span><span class="tm6">Albumin is an acute phase protein that is considered an immune-inflammatory biomarker, which can be found reduced systemically in </span><span class="tm6">progressive inflammatory response</span><span class="tm6">. </span><span class="tm6">Serum total proteins (STP) and globulins were increased in CanL. These data are already well documented in CanL, which serum globulins are mainly associated with the increase of acute phase proteins, cytokines, and increase of specific antibodies to </span><em><span class="tm10">Leishmania</span></em><em><span class="tm10">infantum</span></em><span class="tm6">. </span><span class="tm12">Our results showed neutrophilia with hypoalbuminemia in CanL. So, in an attempt to assess the relationship of these two available markers, we used NAR calculation in order to evaluate the changes induced by CanL.</span><span class="tm6"> In this study NAR was higher in CanL when compared to control dogs. Thus, our data indicate that NLR and NAR could be used as biomarkers in veterinary medical clinics in order to assess inflammatory profile in CanL, mainly in asymptomatic dogs. These parameters obtained from routine blood tests might be useful as cost-effective, easily accessible and helpful markers in order to distinguish the inflammatory response intensity in CanL. </span></p> ER -