Cross-Sectional Study of Leptospira spp. and Brucela abortus in Goat Herds from Paraná State, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.79794Palavras-chave:
property, serovars, leptospirosis, brucellosis, abortion.Resumo
Background: Leptospirosis and brucellosis are zoonosis worldwide distributed that have great economic importance, especially in goats. This study aimed to carry out a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. and anti-Brucella abortus antibodies and to determine epidemiological variables associated to infection by these ethiological agents in goats.
Materials, Methods & Results: Serum samples were collected from 1055 goats of 95 properties distributed in 18 regional centers of Paraná State from April to August of 2010. Collected samples were submitted to microscopic agglutination test (MAT) for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies with 22 reference serovars: Australis, Bratislava, Autumnalis, Butembo, Castellonis, Bataviae, Canicola, Fortbragg, Whitcombi, Cynopteri, Grippotyphosa, Hebdomadis, Copenhageni, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Panama, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Hardjo, Wolffi, Shermani, Tarassovi and Londrina 1 (L1). The samples were also submitted to buffered acidified plate antigen test (BAPA) and 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME) to detect anti-Brucella abortus antibodies. The results obtained from epidemiological and serological study were analysed by Epi Info 3.5.3. We observed 9.9% (104/1055) of goats reagents in at least one serovar of Leptospira spp. and no reagent animal to Brucella abortus. The variables that were statistically significant with leptospirosis were: production type meat, sewer destination in dry sump, frequent abortion, shared use of pastures, slaughter of animals on the property, the presence of pigs and wild animals such as deer and capybaras on the property.
Discussion: This was the first study about antibodies prevalence against Leptospira spp. and Brucella abortus in goat herds from Paraná State. The presence of both animal species were statiscally associated to risk of leptospirosis. It is necessary avoid the acess of these animals in herds, decreasing the dissemination of the agent. The production type meat is a form of creation in which the animals have no care of zookeepers and continuous veterinary care. The final destination of sewage was statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats and this is a big problem in rural properties, requiring greater attention of authorities for proper disposal of this wastewater, reducing water and food contamination. Among the variables related to management, the herds that used rented pasture or shared pastures also were statistically associated to risk of leptospirosis in goats; with the sharing of pastures a greater flow of animals transiting in the pickets occurs, allowing not only flocks of goats, but other species also, to use the same pastures and become more exposed to certain diseases. The slaughter of pigs, sheep, cattle and goats on the property is a problem for animal and human health due to lack of sanitary inspection. Abortion is one of the main clinical signs of leptospirosis in farm animals, particularly goats. The knowledge of these results will be useful to develop control programs for the disease in Paraná State herds. The absence of circulating anti-Brucella abortus antibodies in goat herds has also been reported in other Brazilian States.
Downloads
Referências
Alves C.J., Vasconcelos S.A., Morais Z.M., Leite E.A. & Gomes A.A.B. 1997. Avaliação dos níveis de aglutininas anti-Brucella em soros de caprinos de cinco centros de criação do nordeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária. 4(3): 89-91.
Bier D., Simakura S.E., Morikawa V.M., Ullmann L.S., Kikuti M., Langoni H., Biondo A.W. & Molento M.B. 2013. Análise espacial do risco de leptospirose canina na Vila Pantanal, Curitiba, Paraná. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 33(1): 74-79.
Brasil. Ministério da Agricultura. 2004. Instrução Normativa No 87 de 10 de dezembro de 2004. Regulamento Técnico do Programa Nacional de Sanidade dos Caprinos e Ovinos. Diário Oficial da União, sec. 01, pag. 21, 20 dez. 2004.
Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. 2009. Guia Leptospirose: Diagnóstico e Manejo Clínico, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. 34p.
Costa P.C. 2013. Soroprevalência para Leptospira spp. em rebanhos caprinos e ovinos no estado do Espírito Santo, relacionado com o sistema de manejo e sinais reprodutivos. 102p. Vitória, ES. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo.
Cueto G.R., Allekotte R. & Kravetz F.O. 2000. Scurvy in capybaras bred in captivity in Argentine. Jounal Wildife Diseases. 36(1): 97-101.
Dean A.G., Dean J.A., Burton A.H. & Dicker R.C. 1990. Epi Info: a general-purpose microcomputer program for public health information systems. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 7(3): 178-182.
Faine S. 1982. Guidelines for the control of leptospires. 2nd edn. Geneva: World Health Organization, 171p.
Faine S. 1994. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 368p.
Faine S., Adler B., Bolin C.A. & Perolat P. 1999. Leptospira and leptospirosis. 2nd edn. Melbourne: Medisci, 272p.
Favero A.C.M., Pinheiro S.R., Vasconcellos S.A., Morais Z.M., Ferreira F., Ferreira S. & Neto J. 2002. Sorovares de Leptospiras predominantes em exames sorológicos de bubalinos, ovinos, caprinos, equinos, suínos e cães de diversos estados brasileiros. Ciência Rural. 32(4): 613-619.
Feresu S.B., Bolin C.A., Korver H. & Terpstra W.J. 1994. Classification of Leptospires of the Pyrogenes Serogroup Isolated from Cattle in Zimbabwe by Cross-Agglutinin Absorption and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 44(3): 541-546.
Figueiredo A.O., Pellegrini A.O., Gonçalvez V.S.P., Freitas E.B., Monteiro L.A.R.C., de Oliveira J.M. & Osório A.L.A.R. 2009. Prevalência e fatores de risco para a leptospirose em bovinos de Mato Grosso do Sul. Brazilian Veterinary Research. 29(5): 375-381.
Higino S.S.S., Alves C.J. Santos C.S.A.B., Vasconcelos S.A., Silva M.L.C.R., Brasil A.W.L., Pimenta C.L.R.M. & Azevedo S.S. 2012. Prevalência de leptospirose em caprinos leiteiros do semiárido paraibano. Brazilian Veterinary Research. 32(3): 199-203.
Higino S.S.S., Santos F.A., Costa D.F., Santos C.S.A.B., Silva M.L.C.R., Alves C.J. & Azevedo S.S. 2013. Flocklevel risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dairy goats in a semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 109(1): 158-161.
Higino S.S.S. & Azevedo S.S. 2014. Leptospirose em pequenos ruminantes: situação epidemiológica atual no Brasil. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico. 81(1): 86-94.
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). 2011. Pesquisa da Pecuária Municipal. Avaliable in: . [Acessed in 12/2013].
Instituto Paranaense de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (IPARDES) 2012. Caderno estatístico estado do Paraná. Avaliable in: <http://www.ipardes.gov.br/cadernos/Montapdf.php?Municipio=00019>. [Acessed in 12/2013].
Lilenbaum W., Souza G.N., Ristow P., Moreira M.C., Fráguas S., Cardoso V.S. & Oelemann W.M.R. 2007. A serological study on Brucella abortus, caprine arthritis–encephalitis virus and Leptospira in dairy goats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Veterinary Journal. 173(2): 408-412.
Lilenbaum W., Varges R., Medeiros L., Cordeiro A.G., Cavalcanti A., Souza G.N., Richtzenhain L. & Vasconcellos S.A. 2008. Risk factors associated with leptospirosis in dairy goats under tropical conditions in Brazil. Research in Veterinary Science. 84(1): 14-17.
Martins G., Brandão F.Z., Hamond C., Medeiros M. & Lilenbaum W. 2012. Diagnosis and control of an outbreak of Leptospirosis in goats with reproductive failure. The Veterinary Journal. 193(2): 600-601.
Martins G., Penna B., Hamond C., Leite R.C.-K., Silva A., Ferreira A., Brandão F., Oliveira F. & Lilenbaum W. 2012. Leptospirosis as the most frequent infectious disease impairing productivity in small ruminants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Tropical Animal Health Production. 44(4): 773-777.
Morikawa V.M. 2010. Estudo sorológico da infecção por Leptospira spp. em uma área de ocupação irregular e de alto risco para a doença em cães em Curitiba, PR. 72p. Curitiba, PR. Dissertation (Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias) - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Oliveira F.C.S., Azevedo S.S., Pinheiro S.R., Batista C.S.A., Moraes Z.M., Souza G.O., Gonçalves A.P. & Vasconcellos S.A. 2010. Fatores de risco para a leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas em idade reprodutiva no Estado da Bahia, Nordeste do Brasil. Brazilian Veterinary Research. 30(5): 398-402.
Oliveira S.V., Arsky M.L.N.S. & Caldas E.P. 2013. Reservatórios animais da leptospirose: Uma revisão bibliográfica. Revista Saúde. 39(1): 9-20.
Paraná. Departamento de Economia Rural. Secretaria da Agricultura e Abastecimento. 2009. Avaliable in: . [Acessed in 12/2013].
Pinheiro Jr. J.W., Souza M.M.A., Guerra N.R., Santana V.L.A. & Mota R.A. 2008. Freqüência de aglutininas antiBrucella abortus em caprinos e ovinos do sertão do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Ciência Animal Brasileira. 9(4): 1096-1101.
Salles R.S. & Lilenbaum W. 2006. Leptospirose bovina no Brasil. Revista CFMV. 21(1): 42-46.
Santa Rosa C.A., Sulzer C.R., Yanaguita R.M. & Silva A.S. 1980. Leptospirosis in wildlife in Brazil: Isolation of serovars Canicola, Pyrogenes and Grippotyphosa. Internatinal Journal Zoonosis. 7(1): 40-43.
Santos J.P., Lima-Ribeiro A.M.C., Oliveira P.R., Santos M.P., Ferreira Jr A., Medeiros A.A. & Tavares T.C.F. 2012. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Leptospirosis in goats in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Tropical Animal Health Production. 44(1):101-106.
Schmidt V., Arosi A. & Santos A.R. 2002. Levantamento sorológico da Leptospirose em caprinos leiteiros no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ciência Rural. 32(4): 609-612.
Silva F.J., Conceição W.L.F., Fagliari J.J., Girio R.J.S., Dias R.A., Borba M.R. & Mathias L.A. 2012. Prevalência e fatores de risco de leptospirose bovina no Estado do Maranhão. Brazilian Veterinary Research. 32(4): 303-312.
Simon S.A.F., Ristow P., Cardoso V.S., Souza G.N. & Lilenbaum W. 2004. Ocorrência de brucelose caprina em propriedades de exploração leiteira do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 26(1): 2125.
World Health Organization for Animal Health (WHO). 2008. Leptospirosis. Avaliable in: <http://www.oie.int/ fileadmin/Home/eng/Health_standards/tahm/2.01.09_ LEPTO.pdf>. [Acessed in 12/2013].
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
This journal provides open access to all of its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Such access is associated with increased readership and increased citation of an author's work. For more information on this approach, see the Public Knowledge Project and Directory of Open Access Journals.
We define open access journals as journals that use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. From the BOAI definition of "open access" we take the right of users to "read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles" as mandatory for a journal to be included in the directory.
La Red y Portal Iberoamericano de Revistas Científicas de Veterinaria de Libre Acceso reúne a las principales publicaciones científicas editadas en España, Portugal, Latino América y otros países del ámbito latino
