Nebulization for Mycoplasma Control in Goats - Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Tiamulin Fumarate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.136809Abstract
Background: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) presents a significant peril to the well-being of goats, manifesting in clinical indications such as coughing, elevated body temperature, and the presence of fibrinous and serous inflammation in the pleura and lungs. Furthermore, it can give rise to secondary complications, including arthritis, urinary and reproductive tract infections, and mastitis. Tiamulin fumarate is a frequently employed pharmaceutical agent for the management of CCPP, exhibiting good therapeutic efficacy against Mycoplasma infection in goats. Presently, the predominant route of administration for tiamulin fumarate is through injection. Nevertheless, this approach possesses inherent constraints and fails to adequately address the exigencies of prompt treatment for goats harboring latent infections or displaying subclinical symptoms. Consequently, the optimization of drug administration methods has emerged as a crucial imperative in the realm of agricultural production.
Materials, Methods & Results: A total of 15 goats naturally infected with Mycoplasma were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. Group A received nebulization, Group B received intramuscular injection (IM) as the control, and Group C served as the blank control. Nasal swab samples were collected from the 3 groups of goats at 0, 7, and 15 days after the start of treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect the intensity of Mycoplasma infection. The weight and clinical symptom changes of the goats in the 3 groups were recorded before and after treatment. The results showed that in Group A, the reduction rates of Mycoplasma infection intensity were recorded as 78.27% and 85.29% at both 7 and 15 days following the initiation of treatment compared to day 0. In Group B, the reduction rates of Mycoplasma infection intensity were calculated to be 76.39% and 80.60% at 7 and 15 days at both 7 and 15 days following the treatment compared to day 0. In Group C, the average intensity of Mycoplasma infection exhibited an increase at both 7 and 15 days in comparison to day 0. In Group A, the average weight gain rates of goats at 7, 15, and 30 days after the start of treatment were 5.64%, 14.11%, and 31.87% in comparison to day 0. These rates were better than those of Group B (5.20%, 11.20%, and 25.44%). The weight gain rates were also superior to those of Group C (5%, 9.54%, and 21.86%). All goats in Group A had their clinical symptoms disappear within 7 days of treatment, while in Group B, all goats had their clinical symptoms disappear within 15 days of treatment. However, in Group C, the clinical symptoms of goats showed no improvement within 30 days.
Discussion: The study investigates the efficacy of nebulized tiamulin fumarate in treating 15 naturally infected goats with CCPP by employing quantitative methods in order to investigate changes in infection intensity, weight, and clinical symptoms following medication through nebulization and IM injection. The findings revealed that nebulization exhibits marginally superior therapeutic effects compared to intramuscular injection. Moreover, nebulized tiamulin fumarate has shown a more pronounced impact on promoting goat growth. Additionally, nebulization serves a preventive function for other goats within the same group while concurrently treating symptomatic goats.
Keywords: tiamulin fumarate, therapeutic efficacy, nebulization, Mycoplasma sp., caprine, goats, CCPP.
Downloads
References
Ade J., Hoelzle K., Stadler J., Ritzmann M. & Hoelzle L.E. 2022. Occurrence of Mycoplasma parvum in German Pigs of Different Age Groups Using a Novel Quantitative Real-Time PCR Assay. Pathogens. 11(11): DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11111374
Ade J., Stadler J., Ritzmann M., Zübert C., Hoelzle K. & Hoelzle L.E. 2022. Occurrence of “Candidatus Mycoplasma haemosuis” in fattening pigs, sows and piglets in Germany using a novel gap-based quantitative real-time PCR assay. BMC Veterinary Research. 18(1): 40. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03147-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-022-03147-1
Ahaduzzaman M. 2021. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP): A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence in sheep and goats. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 68(3): 1332-1344. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13794. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13794
Ali H., Altubi A., El-Neweshy M. & Elshafie E.I. 2023. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A review of the global situation with a special reference to Oman. German Journal of Veterinary Research. 3(3): 19-26. DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.3.0060
Arif A., Schulz J., Thiaucourt F., Taha A. & Hammer S. 2007. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia outbreak in captive wild ungulates at Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation, State of Qatar. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine. 38(1): 93-96. DOI: 10.1638/05-097.1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1638/05-097.1
Chen H. 2020. Animal Disease Control: Challenges and Perspectives. Engineering (Beijing). 6(1): 1. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.11.011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2019.11.011
Ciucă V.C., Rusănescu C.O. & Safta V.V. 2023. Analysis of Transfer of Tiamulin to Animal Tissue after Oral Administration: An Important Factor for Ensuring Food Safety and Environmental Protection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 16(3): DOI: 10.3390/ph16030387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16030387
Espinosa R., Tago D. & Treich N. 2020. Infectious Diseases and Meat Production. Environmental & Resource Economics. 76(4): 1019-1044. DOI: 10.1007/s10640-020-00484-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00484-3
Gebreyes W.A., Dupouy-Camet J., Newport M.J., Oliveira C.J., Schlesinger L.S., Saif Y.M., Kariuki S., Saif L.J., Saville W., Wittum T., Hoet A., Quessy S., Kazwala R., Tekola B., Shryock T., Bisesi M., Patchanee P., Boonmar S. & King L.J. 2014. The global one health paradigm: challenges and opportunities for tackling infectious diseases at the human, animal, and environment interface in low-resource settings. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8(11): e3257. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003257 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003257
Günther G., Clemen T., Duttmann R., Schütt B. & Knitter D. J.L. 2021. Of Animal Husbandry and Food Production - A First Step towards a Modular Agent-Based Modelling Platform for Socio-Ecological Dynamics. Land 12: 1366. DOI: 10.3390/land10121366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/land10121366
Harasawa R., Mizusawa H., Fujii M., Yamamoto J., Mukai H., Uemori T., Asada K. & Kato I. 2005. Rapid detection and differentiation of the major Mycoplasma contaminants in cell cultures using real-time PCR with SYBR Green I and melting curve analysis. Microbiology and Immunology. 49(9): 859-863. DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03675.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03675.x
Howard D. & Cowen T. 1982. Determination of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate in animal feeds using high-performance liquid chromatography. Analyst. 107(1272): 319-323. DOI: 10.1039/an9820700319 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/an9820700319
Iqbal Yatoo M., Raffiq Parray O., Tauseef Bashir S., Ahmed Bhat R., Gopalakrishnan A., Karthik K., Dhama K. & Vir Singh S. 2019. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia - a comprehensive review. Veterinary Quarterly. 39(1): 1-25. DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2019.1580826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01652176.2019.1580826
Krasucka D., Mitura A., Cybulski W., Kos K. & Pietroń W. 2010. Tiamulin hydrogen fumarate--veterinary uses and HPLC method of determination in premixes and medicated feeding stuffs. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutic. 67(6): 682-685.
Liu Y., Cao C., Song Y., Zhou S., Yang Y., Xu N., Yang Q., Dong J. & Ai X. 2021. Pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and tissue disposal profiles of Tiamulin fumarate in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following oral and intravenous administrations. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 44(4): 590-602. DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12957 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12957
McMartin D.A., MacOwan K.J. & Swift L.L. 1980. A century of classical contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: from original description to aetiology. British Veterinary Journal. 136(5): 507-515. DOI: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)32196-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-1935(17)32196-6
More S., Bøtner A., Butterworth A., Calistri P., Depner K., Edwards S., Garin-Bastuji B., Good M., Gortázar Schmidt C., Michel V., Miranda M.A., Nielsen S.S., Raj M., Sihvonen L., Spoolder H., Stegeman J.A., Thulke H.H., Velarde A., Willeberg P., Winckler C., Baldinelli F., Broglia A., Candiani D., Beltrán-Beck B., Kohnle L. & Bicout D. 2017. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): contagious caprine pleuropneumonia. Efsa Journal. 15(10): e04996. DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4996
Noll L.W., Highland M.A., Hamill V.A., Tsui W.N.T., Porter E.P., Lu N., Sebhatu T., Brown S., Herndon D.R., Grossman P.C. & Bai J. 2022. Development of a real-time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and a novel respiratory-associated Mycoplasma species in domestic sheep and goats. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 69(5): e1460–e1468. DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14477. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.14477
Samiullah S.J.V.M. 2018. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and its current picture in Pakistan: a review. Veterinarni Medicina. 58(8): 389-398. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/6977-VETMED
Settypalli T.B., Lamien C.E., Spergser J., Lelenta M., Wade A., Gelaye E., Loitsch A., Minoungou G., Thiaucourt F. & Diallo A. 2016. One-Step Multiplex RT-qPCR Assay for the Detection of Peste des petits ruminants virus, Capripoxvirus, Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies (ssp.) capripneumoniae. PLoS One. 11(4): e0153688. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153688
Stipkovits L., Varga Z., Laber G. & Böckmann J. 1984. A comparison of the effect of tiamulin hydrogen fumarate and tylosin tartrate on mycoplasmas of ruminants and some animal ureaplasmas. Veterinary Microbiology. 9(2): 147-153. DOI: 10.1016/0378-1135(84)90030-0. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-1135(84)90030-0
Thiaucourt F. & Bolske G. 1996. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia and other pulmonary mycoplasmoses of sheep and goats. Revue Scientifique et Technique. 15(4): 1397-1414. DOI: 10.20506/rst.15.4.990. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.15.4.990
Wesonga H.O., Lindberg R., Litamoi J.K. & Bölske G. 1998. Late lesions of experimental contagious caprine pleuropneumonia caused by Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B. 45(2): 105-114. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1998.tb00772.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0450.1998.tb00772.x
Yu Z., Wang T., Sun H., Xia Z., Zhang K., Chu D., Xu Y., Xin Y., Xu W., Cheng K., Zheng X., Huang G., Zhao Y., Yang S., Gao Y. & Xia X. 2013. Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in endangered Tibetan antelope, China, 2012. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 19(12): 2051-2053. DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1912.130067
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Cheng Cheng, Qiang Xu, Darong Cheng
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This journal provides open access to all of its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Such access is associated with increased readership and increased citation of an author's work. For more information on this approach, see the Public Knowledge Project and Directory of Open Access Journals.
We define open access journals as journals that use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. From the BOAI definition of "open access" we take the right of users to "read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles" as mandatory for a journal to be included in the directory.
La Red y Portal Iberoamericano de Revistas Científicas de Veterinaria de Libre Acceso reúne a las principales publicaciones científicas editadas en España, Portugal, Latino América y otros países del ámbito latino
