Multiple Cartilaginous Exostoses In A Pediatric Dog
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.92640Abstract
Background: Multiple cartilaginous exostosis (MCE) is a rare neoplastic disease in dogs that is characterized by the presence of osteochondromas in multiple bones. MCE is a disorder of development during growth and maturation, the real etiology of which has yet to be elucidated, but is believed to have a genetic basis. Usually affected animals have a history of a palpable mass on the bone surface, causing anatomical deformities and compression of adjacent structures. Since MCE is a rare neoplastic disease in dogs it may be difficult to recognize in the clinic. The aim of this study was to report a case of MCE in a pediatric dog.Case: A female 4-month-old Rottweiler dog with a history of bone neoformation on the left hind limb, anorexia, weight loss, and difficulty walking received clinical care. The disease had its initial onset 2 months prior. At physical examination, the animal showed paresis of the hind limbs and a bony tumor on the lateral part of the left tibia. A complete blood cell count and serum biochemical profile were obtained. The only abnormality diagnosed was hyperproteinemia due to hyperglobulinemia. Other diagnostic tests were not authorized and the animal was euthanized. At the necropsy, an intrathoracic neoformation was observed from the sixth to the eighth rib on the right antimer. Some tumors were also observed on the fourth lumbar vertebra and between the first and the second sacral vertebra, and a left tibial tumor, which had been observed at physical examination. The sagittal section of the spine revealed the presence of extradural compression of the spinal cord due to vertebral proliferations with compression of the nerve roots. All of the proliferations had macroscopic similarities, being firm, sessile, irregular, and with complete adherence to deep planes. Tumor samples were submitted to histopathological analysis and the tissue morphology was compatible with osteochondroma. Based on the clinical, necroscopical, and histopathological findings, a diagnosis of MCE was established.Discussion: In MCE, animals less than one year of age are the most frequently affected, as was observed in the case reported. Clinical signs in MCE usually result from poor bone and cartilaginous anatomical formations and from compression of adjacent tissue structures. In the described patient, the proliferations located in the vertebrae and tibia and the consequent compression of nerve roots and nerves caused the neurological deficits. Unlike in canines, the etiology of MCE in humans is already well established and it is classified as an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. The diagnosis is usually obtained through the association of clinical examination with radiographic and histopathological findings. However, in the animal studied, since it was not possible to perform radiographs, confirmation was obtained only after performing histopathological examination of the neoformations, which is considered the standard for the diagnosis of MCE. Although it corresponds to a benign neoplastic process affecting dogs during their growth stage, it may significantly decrease the animal’s quality of life. In this situation, the prognosis of MCE is considered to be reserved to bad, and animals are often referred for euthanasia, as occurred in the animal under discussion, due to the progression of neurological dysfunction. Early recognition of MCE in routine pet hospital practice is of fundamental importance in order to properly institute treatment and monitoring.
Downloads
References
Caporn T.M. & Read R.A. 1996. Osteochondromatosis of the cervical spine causing compressive myelopathy in a dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 37(3): 133-137.
Doige C.E. 1987. Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in dogs. Veterinary Pathology. 24(3): 276-278
Ehrhart N.P., Ryan S.D. & Fan T.M. 2013. Tumors of the skeletal system. In: Withrow S.J., Vail D.M. & Page R.L. (Eds). Small Animal Clinical Oncology. 5th edn. St. Louis: Elsevier, pp.463-503.
Engel S., Randall E.K., Cuddon P.A., Webb B.T. & Aboellail T.A. 2014. Imaging diagnosis: multiple cartilaginous exostoses and calcinosis circumscripta occurring simultaneously in the cervical spine of a dog. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 55(3): 305-309.
Franch J., Font J., Ramis A., Lafuente P., Fontecha P. & Cairó J. 2005. Multiple cartilaginous exostosis in a Golden Retriever cross-bred puppy: clinical, radiographic and backscattered scanning microscopy findings. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology. 18(3): 189-193.
Green E.M., Adams W.M. & Steinberg H. 1999. Malignant transformation of solitary spinal osteochondroma in two mature dogs. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 40(6): 634-637.
Jacobson L.S. & Kirberger R.M. 1996. Canine multiple cartilaginous exostoses: unusual manifestations and a review of the literature. Journal of the American. Animal Hospital Association. 32(1): 45-51.
Mărginean C.O., Meliţ L.E. & Mărginean M.O. 2017. Daughter and mother diagnosed with hereditary multiple exostoses: a case report and a review of the literature. Medicine. 96(1): 1-3.
Morris J. & Dobson J. 2001. Skeletal system. In: Small Animal Oncology. Oxford: Blackwell Science, pp.78-93.
Mozos E., Novales M., Ginel P.J., Pérez J. & Poll R.R. 2002. A newly recognized pattern of canine osteochondromatosis. Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 43(2): 132-137.
Ricker Z.H., Vinayak A. & Kerwin S.C. 2006. What is your diagnosis? Multiple cartilaginous exostoses. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 229(7): 1085-1086.
Winter S., Muller T.R., Ferian P.E., Souza L.P., Luciani M.G., Porto C., Serakides R. & Mai W. 2017. Osteocondromatose em gato: relato de caso. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. 69(5): 1152-1154.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
This journal provides open access to all of its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. Such access is associated with increased readership and increased citation of an author's work. For more information on this approach, see the Public Knowledge Project and Directory of Open Access Journals.
We define open access journals as journals that use a funding model that does not charge readers or their institutions for access. From the BOAI definition of "open access" we take the right of users to "read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles" as mandatory for a journal to be included in the directory.
La Red y Portal Iberoamericano de Revistas Científicas de Veterinaria de Libre Acceso reúne a las principales publicaciones científicas editadas en España, Portugal, Latino América y otros países del ámbito latino