Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Caryocar brasiliense in Mice

Authors

  • Leydiana Duarte Fonseca Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo (FZEAUSP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
  • Gabriela Almeida Bastos Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA-UFMG), Montes Claros, MG.
  • Marco Aurélio Morais Soares Costa Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Jaboticabal, SP.
  • Adriano Vinicius de Paiva Ferreira Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG.
  • Maria Luiza França Silva Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Itapetinga, BA, Brasil.
  • Thallyta Maria Vieira Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB-UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG.
  • Franciellen Morais-Costa UFMG, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Montes Claros, MG.
  • Neide Judith Faria de Oliveira Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA-UFMG), Montes Claros, MG.
  • Eduardo Robson Duarte Instituto de Ciências Agrárias (ICA-UFMG), Montes Claros, MG.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80935

Keywords:

Caryocar brasiliense, Mus musculus, Cerrado, intraperitoneal route, toxicidade.

Abstract

Background: Caryocar brasiliense Cambess (Caryocaraceae) is an arboreal plant native of Brasilian Cerrado and its fruit is an important source of food and income for the human population of this region. In addition to using as food, different parts of this tree have great medicinal potential as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antihelmintic. However, the active metabolites those are likely to confer these pharmacological properties healing may also be toxic dependent upon the dose and route of administration. In this quest, the aim of this study was to assess the acute toxicity of aqueous extracts of fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense in mice of both genders.

Materials, Methods & Results: The aqueous extracts were obtained by decoction, diluted in water and filtered through membrane. The toxicity of extract of fruit peels (62.5 at 500 mg/kg of body weight (BW) and leaf extract (18.75 mg/kg bw) were evaluated in males and  females mice (Mus musculus) Swiss by intraperitoneal route. For 2 control groups were administered injection water. The clinical signs and deaths were recorded up to 14 days after administration. The lethal doses for 10 (LD10) or 50 (LD50) % of population were estimated with Probit regression analysis. The Chi-square test was used to analyze differences of mortality frequencies between males and females. The groups treated with the two lower doses of both extracts completely abolished the clinical alteration between two and four hours after inoculation. The comportment of control group’s animals was normalized immediately after administration of injection water. The higher dose administered in both experiments were lethal for all animals, but the doses 250 mg/kg BW of fruit peels extract and 150 mg/kg  of BW of leaves extract caused mortality of 100% just in males.  However, in both experiments there were no significant differences between the mortality frequency for groups of male and female, as well the comportment of these animals when these doses were administered. Dose-dependent response was observed to mortality. The LD10 corresponded to 89.6 mg/kg BW and LD50 was 149.8 mg/kg BW for fruit peel extract. For the leaf extract , LD10 and LD50 were 33.35 and 67.01 mg/kg BW, respectively.

Discussion: Aqueous extracts of the fruit peels and leaves of C. brasiliense were classified as very toxic since the LD50 ranged from 50 to 500 mg / kg BW. For both extracts, similar behavioral changes were observed. Among the secondary metabolites present in fruit peel and leaves, saponins and tannins can promote nervous symptoms. Although there are no records in the literature about animals and human orally intoxicated with any part of C. brasiliense, the development of specific studies to determine its toxicity is relevant, considering the social and ecological importance of this plant.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Alabdul Magid A., Voutquenne L., Harakat D., Pouny I., Caron C., Moretti C. & Lavaud C. 2006. Triterpenoid saponins from the fruits of Caryocar villosum. Journal Natural Products. 69(6): 919-926.

Alabdul Magid A., Voutquenne L., Moretti C., Long C. & Lavaud C. 2006. Triterpenoid saponins from the fruits of Caryocar glabrum. Journal Natural Products. 69(2): 196-205.

Alabdul Magid A., Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L., Renimel I., Harakat D., Moretti C. & Lavaud C. 2006. Triterpenoid saponins from the stem bark of Caryocar villosum. Phytochemistry. 67(19): 2096-2102.

Almeida A.C., Macedo Sobrinho E., Pinho L., Souza P.N.S., Martins E.R., Duarte E.R., Santos H. O., Brandi I.V., Cangussu A.S. & Costa J.P.R. 2010. Toxicidade aguda dos extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de alecrim-pimenta, aroeira e barbatimão e do farelo da casca de pequi administrados por via intraperitoneal. Ciência Rural. 40(1): 200-203.

Belo R.F.C. 2009. Caracterização de genótipos de Pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) pelo perfil cromatográfico de voláteis. 125f. Belo Horizonte, MG. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciência de Alimentos) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

Bezerra J.C.B., Silva I.A., Ferreira H.D., Ferri P.H. & Ferri S.C. 2002. Molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria glabrata of Brazilian Cerrado medicinal plants. Fitoterapia. 73(5): 428-430.

Chagas A.C.S. 2004. Controle de parasitas utilizando extratos vegetais. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária. 13(suppl 1): 56-160.

Ferreira E.V., Boabaid, F.M., Arruda L.P., Lemos R.A.A., Souza M.A., Nakazato L. & Colodel E.M. 2009. Intoxicação por Stryphnodendron fissuratum (Mimosoideae) em bovinos. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 29(11): 951-957.

Gauthier C., Legault J., Girard-Lalancette K., Mshvildadze V. & Pichette A. 2009. Haemolyticactivity, cytotoxicity and membrane cell permeabilization of semi-synthetic and natural lupane- and oleanane-type saponins. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 17(5): 2002-2008.

Haraguchi M., Yokosuka A., Kawakami S., Chaves N.S.T., Brum K.B., Raspantini P.C., Górniak S.L. & Mimaki Y. 2006. Nuevas saponinas aisladas de las vainas del Stryphnodendron fissuratum. Labciencia. 3(1): 6-8.

Hervás G., Pérez V., Giráldez F.J., Mantecón A.R., Almar M.M. & Frutos P. 2003. Intoxication of sheep with quebracho tannin extract. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 129(1): 44-54.

Krychak-Furtado S., Negrelle R.B., Miguel O.G., Zaniolo S.R., Kapronezai J., Ramos S.J. & Sotello A. 2005. Efeito de Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) e Musa paradisiaca Linn. (Musaceae) sobre o desenvolvimento de ovos de nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos. Arquivos do Instituto Biológico. 72(2): 191-197.

Maia J.G.S., Andrade E.H.A. & Silva M.H.L. 2008. Aroma volatiles of pequi fruit (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 21(7): 574-576.

Martins C.P.S., Moreira T.M.B., Magalhães H.M., Gomes J.G., Oliveira N.C.C., Carneiro, P.A.P., Lopes P.S.N. & Sales N.L.P. 2009. Utilização de extrato da folha de pequi e termoterapia no controle de fitopatógenos das sementes de pequi (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.). Revista Brasileira de Agroecologia. 4(2): 14-17.

McManus O.B., Harris G.H., Giangiacomo K.M., Feigenbaum P., Reuben J.P., Addy M.E., Burka J.F., Kaczorowski G.J. & Garcia M.L. 1993. An activator of calcium-dependent potassium channels isolated from a medicinal herb. Biochemistry. 32(24): 6128-6133.

Miranda-Vilela A.L., Akimoto A. K., Alves P.C.Z., Pereira L.C.S., Gonçalves C.A., Klautau-Guimarães M.N. & Grisolia C.K. 2009. Dietary carotenoid-rich pequi oil reduces plasma lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in runners and evidence for an association with MnSOD genetic variant -Val9Ala. Genetics and Molecular Research. 8(4): 1481-1495.

Moreira P.F.S.D., Souza D.R. & Terrones M.G.H. 2008. Avaliação do potencial alelopático do extrato metanólico obtido das folhas de Caryocar brasiliense Camb. (pequi) na inibição do desenvolvimento da raiz em sementes de Panicum maximum. Bioscience Journal. 24(3): 74-79.

Nery P.S., Nogueira F.A., Martins E.R. & Duarte E.R. 2010. Effects of Anacardium humile leaf extracts on the development of gastrointestinal nematode larvae of sheep. Veterinary Parasitology. 171(3-4): 361-364.

Nogueira F.A., Fonseca L.D., Silva R.B., Ferreira A.V. P., Nery P.S., Geraseev L.C. & Duarte E.R. 2012. In vitro and in vivo efficacy of aqueous extract of Caryocar brasiliense Camb. to control gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep. Parasitology Research. 111(1): 325-330.

Okonkwo T.J.N., Okorie O., Okonta J.M. & Okonkwo C.J. 2010. Sub-chronic hepatotoxicity of Anacardium occidentale (Anacardiaceae) inner stem bark extract in rats. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 72(3): 353-357.

Passos X.S., Santos S.C., Ferri P.H., Fernandes O.F.L., Paula, T.F., Garcia A.C.F. & Silva M.R.R. 2002. Atividade antifúngica de Caryocar brasiliense (Caryocaraceae) sobre Cryptococcus neoformans. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. 35(6): 623-627.

Paula-Júnior W., Rocha F.H., Donatti L., Fadel-Picheth C.M.T. & Weffort-Santos A.M. 2006. Leishmanicidal, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Caryocar brasiliense Cambess leaves hydroethanolic extract. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia. 16(suppl 0): 625-630.

Roesler R., Catharino R.R., Malta L.G., Eberlin M.N. & Pastore G. 2008. Antioxidant activity of Caryocar brasiliense (pequi) and characterization of components by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Food Chemistry. 110(3): 711-717.

Saeg. 2007. Sistema para Análises Estatísticas. Versão 9.1. Viçosa: Fundação Arthur Bernardes - UFV.

Santos S.C. & Mello J.C.P. 2004. Taninos. In: Simões C.M.O., Schenke E.P., Gosman G., Palazzo De Mell J.C., Ment L.A. & Petrovick P. (Eds). Farmacognosia: da planta ao medicamento. 5.ed. Florianópolis: Editora da UFSC, pp.615-656.

Schvartsman S. 1988. Produtos químicos de uso domiciliar - segurança e riscos toxicológicos. 2.ed. São Paulo: Almed, 92p.

Silva M.C. & Gallo C.R. 2003. Avaliação da qualidade microbiológica de alimentos com a utilização de metodologias convencionais e do sistema Simplate. Higiene Alimentar. 17(107): 85-95.

Tahraoui A., Israili Z.H. & Lyoussi B. 2010. Acute and sub-chronic toxicity of a lyophilised aqueous extract of Centaurium erythraea in rodents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 132(1): 48-55.

Yokosuka A., Kawakami S., Haraguchi M. & Mimaki Y. 2008. Stryphnosides AeF, six new triterpene glycosides from the pericarps of Stryphnodendron fissuratum. Tetrahedron. 64(7): 1474-1481.

Published

2016-01-01

How to Cite

Fonseca, L. D., Bastos, G. A., Costa, M. A. M. S., Ferreira, A. V. de P., Silva, M. L. F., Vieira, T. M., Morais-Costa, F., Oliveira, N. J. F. de, & Duarte, E. R. (2016). Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Caryocar brasiliense in Mice. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 44(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80935

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)