Epidemiology and Anesthetic Risk in Dogs with Aural Hematoma

Authors

  • Nhirneyla Marques Rodrigues M.V. autônoma, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
  • Ana Maria Quessada Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR), Umuarama, PR, Brazil.
  • Fabiane Leite da Silva Universidade Federal do Piauí (UFPI), Teresina, PI.
  • Esther Machado de Carvalho e Silva M.V. autônoma, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
  • João Moreira da Costa Neto Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil.
  • Wagner Costa Lima UFPI, Bom Jesus, PI.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80930

Keywords:

canine, ear, pre-anesthetic evaluation, surgical drainage.

Abstract

Background: Otohematoma or aural hematoma in dogs is blood pooling within the ear cartilage plate, and stems from several causes (ear infections, ectoparasites and others). The formation of hematoma is by vascular injury, causing bleeding, generated by self-injury. This disease occurs especially in dogs of pendulous ears, and the concave surface of the ear is considered as the most frequent. The therapy to correct the lesion can be a clinical procedure; however, surgical drainage is the treatment of choice. This work aims to record the epidemiological aspects related to aural hematoma in dogs, as well as classify such patients as to the physical condition and anesthetic risk.

Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty five dogs with aural hematoma submitted to surgical procedure were followed. During the data collection period (seven months), surgery to correct aural hematoma represented 19% of surgeries performed in dogs (total of surgeries: 474). The percentage of canine breeds affected was: mixed breed (64%; 16/25), german shepherd (24%; 6/25), labrador (4%; 1/25), waimaraner (4%; 1/25) and daschund (4%; 1/25). Most occurrences were observed in females aged 3-12 years. Most of the animals showed only one pina affected (96%; 24/25), and 52% (13/25) had hematoma in the right and 44% (11/25) in the left ear. Some of the patients had no hematologic abnormalities (48%; 12/25), but some animals showed normocytic normochromic anemia (36%, 9/25), leukocytosis (8%; 2/25) and thrombocytopenia (8%; 2/25). Among animals, there were only dogs classified as ASA II and ASA III with similar rates (56% and 44% respectively). No deaths were observed among cases analyzed.

Discussion: The high prevalence of the disease in mongrel dogs can be explained by the great number of mongrel animals in the service analyzed. Aural hematoma was more frequent in older dogs probably because animals in this age group are more affected by otitis externa, which can predispose them to aural hematoma. Otohematoma was common in animals with pendulous ears, probably because these dogs are more prone to ear diseases than animals with erect ears. Females are more affected, and these data are different to those of other studies, and may be related to changes of the clientele among males and females. Only 4% (1/25) showed bilateral aural hematoma which, actually, is less common. Haematological abnormalities observed may be related to the appearance of aural hematoma, but were unspecific and common to several diseases. Animals classified as ASA II entered in this category for being carriers of mild haematological disorders, especially anemia (36%; 9/25). Dogs classified as ASA III showed signs of moderate systemic disease, and the main suspected disease was ehrlichiosis, which may be associated with aural hematoma. Animals underwent surgical procedure even though being classified as ASA II and III. Such procedure caused no detectable adverse effects and no deaths were recorded. It is expected that mortality is higher in patients classified in a higher grade. The absence of deaths can be related to ASA classification, which was only up to Grade III (moderate systemic disease). Moreover, surgery to drain aural hematoma is considered free of contamination, minimally invasive and without the involvement of important anatomical structures that could systemically compromise patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Arias M.V.B., Aiello G., Battaglia L.A. & Freitas J.C. 2013. Estudo da ocorrência de infecção hospitalar em cães e gatos em um centro cirúrgico veterinário universitário. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira. 33(6): 771-779.

ASA - American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2014. ASA Physical Status Classification System. Disponível em: . [Acessed July 2015].

Beteg F., Muste A., Krupaci A. & Scurtu L. 2011. Surgical Treatment in Dog Auricular Hematoma (othematoma). Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Veterinary Medicine. 68(2): 38-42.

Carareto R., Rocha L.S., Guerrero P.N.H., Sousa M.G., Nunes N., Paula D.P. & Nishimori C.T. 2005. Estudo retrospectivo da morbidade e mortalidade associada com anestesia geral inalatória em cães. Semina: Ciências Agrárias. 26(4): 569-574.

Cardoso M.J.L., Machado L.H.A., Melussi M., Zamarian T.P., Carnielli S. & Ferreira Júnior J.C.M. 2011. Dermatopatias em cães: revisão de 257 casos. Archives of Veterinary Science. 16(2): 66-74.

Cechner P.E. 2008. Pavilhão auricular. Técnica de sutura para reparo de um otohematoma. In: Bojrab M.J. (Ed). Técnicas atuais em cirurgia de pequenos animais. 3.ed. São Paulo: Roca, pp.127-130.

Corrêa A.L., Oleskovicz N. & Moraes A.N. 2009. Índice de mortalidade durante procedimentos anestésicos: estudo retrospectivo (1996-2006). Ciência Rural. 39(9): 2519-2526.

Cruz-Pinto C.E., Stopiglia A.J., Matera J.M. & Arnoni F.I. 2015. Análise da casuística das afecções cirúrgicas observadas na Clínica Cirúrgica de Pequenos Animais da FMVZ-USP no período de 1988 a 2007. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science. 52(1): 41-47.

Eurides D., Souza L.A., Oliveira B.J.N.A. & Luiz A.F.S. 2008. Drenagem de otohematoma em cães. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinárias. 103(565-566): 59-63.

Evangelista L.S.M, Carvalho Y.N.T., Branco M.A.C., Lopes R.R.F.B., Amorim Neto J. & Quessada A.M. 2012. Estudo retrospectivo do otohematoma em cães atendidos em um hospital veterinário universitário. Acta Veterinaria Brasilica. 6(1): 48-51.

Fossum T.W. 2001. Cirurgia do ouvido. In: Cirurgia em pequenos animais. São Paulo: Roca, pp.171-197.

Futema F. 2002. Avaliação pré-anestésica. In: Fantoni D.T. & Cortopassi S.R.G. (Eds). Anestesia em cães e gatos. São Paulo: Roca. pp.59-63.

Graça J.C.L. 2010. Otohematoma – estudo retrospectivo de 6 anos: possíveis etiologias. 120f. Lisboa, PT. Dissertação (Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

Gotthelf L.N. 2007. Doenças do Ouvido em pequenos animais. 2.ed. São Paulo: Roca, 368 p.

Henderson R.A. & Horne R. 2007. Pina. In: Slatter D. (Ed). Manual de Cirurgia de pequenos animais. 3.ed. São Paulo: Manole, pp.1737-1746.

Joyce J. 2000. Canine aural haematoma. Walttham focus. 10(4): 4-8.

Luz L.C.D., Muccillo M.S, Fonini, V.L.A., Ledur G.R., Kasper P.N. & Contesini E.A. 2012. Mortalidade em anestesia de cães e gatos: estudo retrospectivo de 5.366 procedimentos anestésicos. Archives of Veterinary Science. 17(supl.): Resumo 005.

Meneses I.D.S., Souza B.M.P.S., Teixeira C.M.M. & Guimarães J.E. 2008. Perfil clínico-laboratorial da erliquiose monocítica canina em cães de Salvador e região metropolitana, Bahia. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal. 9(4): 770-776.

Santos S.I R. 2008. Otohematoma canino: epidemiologia e terapêutica. 78f. Lisboa, PT. Dissertação (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinária) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa.

Shmon C. 2007. Avaliação e preparação do paciente e da equipe cirúrgica. In: Slatter D. (Ed). Manual de cirurgia de pequenos animais. 3.ed. São Paulo: Manole, pp.162-170.

Schiochet F., Teixeira E., Rodrigues P.R.C., Gimosk A.W., Beck C.A.C., Contesini E.A., Alievi M.M. & Fratini L.M. 2010. Hematoma auricular em gato: relato de caso. Veterinária em Foco. 7(2): 198-205.

Silveira A.C.P., Roldão C.D.R., Ribeiro S.C.A. & Freitas P.F.A. 2008. Flora bacteriana aeróbia em otites caninas. Revista Portuguesa de Ciências Veterinárias. 103(567-568): 171-175.

Smeak D.D. 2008. Cirurgia de meato acústico externo e pavilhão auricular. In: Birchard S.J. & Sherding R.G. (Eds). Manual Saunders de clínica de pequenos animais. São Paulo: Roca, pp.595-606.

Xavier D.G. 2012. Casuística clínica e cirúrgica de uma clinica veterinária na cidade de Camaquã/RS, durante o período de 2008 a 2011. 39f. Mossoró, RN. Monografia (Especialização em clínica médica e cirúrgica de pequenos animais) - Departamento de ciências animais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-árido.

Published

2016-01-01

How to Cite

Rodrigues, N. M., Quessada, A. M., Silva, F. L. da, Silva, E. M. de C. e, Neto, J. M. da C., & Lima, W. C. (2016). Epidemiology and Anesthetic Risk in Dogs with Aural Hematoma. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 44(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80930

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>